Changes

to the rolling direction (Wieland)

Through thermal activation at elevated temperatures the original mechanical material strength achieved by cold working or precipitation hardening can be reversed completely. The start of softening is mostly defined as the temperature at which a 10% reduction of mechanical strength is reached. It is dependent on the degree of initial cold working and the annealing temperature and time. For higher initial degrees of cold working degrees the softening temperature becomes lowered.

cold working

(Wieland)

=====5.1.7.5 Relaxation Behavior=====