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Precipitation Hardening Copper Alloys

67 bytes added, 13:25, 19 May 2014
5.1.6.1 Copper-Beryllium Alloys (Beryllium Bronze)
Besides the naturally hard copper materials precipitation hardening copper alloys play also an important role as carrier materials for electrical contacts. By means of a suitable heat treatment finely dispersed precipitations of a second phase can be achieved which increase the mechanical strength of these copper alloys significantly.
====<!--5.1.6.1 -->Copper-Beryllium Alloys (Beryllium Bronze)====
The cause for precipitation hardening of CuBe materials is the rapidly diminishing solubility of beryllium in copper as temperature decrease. As the
phase diagram for CuBe shows, 2.4 wt% of Be are soluble in Cu at 780°C <xr id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_copperberyllium_with_temperature_ranges_for_brazing_and_annealing_treatments"/> <!--(Fig. 5.28)-->. In this temperature range annealed CuBe alloys are homogeneous(solution annealing). The homogeneous state can be frozen through rapid cooling to room temperature (quenching). Through a subsequent annealing at 325°C the desired precipitation hardening is achieved which results in a significant increase in mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of CuBe <xr id="tab:Physical_Properties_of_Selected_Copper_Beryllium_Alloys"/> <!--(Tab. 5.17)-->. The final strength and hardness values depend on the annealing temperature and time as well as on the initial degree of cold working <xr id="tab:Mechanical Properties of Selected Copper-Beryllium Alloys"/> <!--(Table 5.18) --> and [[#figures7|(Figs. 43 – 75)]]<!--(Figs. 5.29 - 5.31)-->.
<div id="figures7">
<xr id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_copperberyllium_with_temperature_ranges_for_brazing_and_annealing_treatments"/> <!--Fig. 5.28: --> Phase diagram of copper- beryllium with temperature ranges for brazing and annealing treatments
<xr id="fig:Precipitation_hardening_of_CuBe2_at_325°C_after_different_cold_working"/> <!--Fig. 5.29: --> Precipitation hardening of CuBe2 at 325°C after different cold working
<xr id="fig:Precipitation_hardening_of_CuBe2_(soft)_at_325°C"/> <!--Fig. 5.30: --> Precipitation hardening of CuBe2 (soft) at 325°C
<xr id="fig:Precipitation_hardening_of_CuBe2_(half hard)_at_different_annealing_temperatures"/> <!--Fig. 5.31: --> Precipitation hardening of CuBe2 (half hard) at different annealing temperatures
</div>
<figtable id="tab:Physical_Properties_of_Selected_Copper_Beryllium_Alloys">
<caption>'''<!--Table 5.17: -->Physical Properties of Selected Copper-Beryllium Alloys'''</caption>
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
<figtable id="tab:Mechanical Properties of Selected Copper-Beryllium Alloys">
<caption>'''<!--Table 5.18: -->Mechanical Properties of Selected Copper-Beryllium Alloys'''</caption>
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"

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