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Werkstoffe auf Gold-Basis

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Aus der breiten Palette von Gold-Legierungen sind die binären Legierungen mit
Zusätzen < 10 Massen-% an Edelmetallen wie Pt, Pd oder Ag bzw. Unedelmetallen
wie Ni, Co, Cu hervorzuheben (<xr id="tab:Physical_Properties_of_Gold_and_Gold_AlloysPhysikalische Eigenschaften von Gold und Gold-Legierungen"/><!--(Tab. 2.2)-->). Diese Zusätze erhöhen einerseits
die mechanische Festigkeit und wirken sich vorteilhaft auf das Schaltverhalten
aus, verringern andererseits je nach Legierungspartner mehr oder weniger
<tr><th><p class="s11">Bezeichnung</p></th><th><p class="s11">Zusammensetzung Au</p><p class="s11">(Mindestanteil)</p></th><th><p class="s11">Beimengungen in ppm/p></th><th><p class="s12">Hinweise für die Verwendung</p></th></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Spektralreines Gold</p><p class="s11">Gold</p></td><td><p class="s11">99.999</p></td><td><p class="s11">Cu &lt; 3</p><p class="s11">Ag &lt; 3</p><p class="s11">Ca &lt; 1</p><p class="s11">Mg &lt;1</p><p class="s11">Fe &lt; 1</p></td><td><p class="s12">Drähte, Bleche, Legierungszusätze für
Halbleiter, elektronische Bauelemente</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Hochreines Gold</p></td><td><p class="s11">99.995</p></td><td><p class="s11">Cu &lt; 10</p><p class="s11">Ag &lt; 15</p><p class="s11">Ca &lt; 20</p><p class="s11">Mg &lt; 10</p><p class="s11">Fe &lt; 3</p><p class="s11">Si &lt; 10</p><p class="s11">Pb &lt; 20</p></td><td><p class="s12">Granalien für hochreine Legierungen, Bleche, Bänder, Rohre, Profile</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Barren-Gold</p></td><td><p class="s11">99.95</p></td><td><p class="s11">Cu &lt; 100</p><p class="s11">Ag &lt; 150</p><p class="s11">Ca &lt; 50</p><p class="s11">Mg &lt; 50</p><p class="s11">Fe &lt; 30</p><p class="s11">Si &lt; 10</p></td><td><p class="s12">Legierungen, übliche Qualität</p></td></tr></table>
</figtable>
<br/>
<br/>
 
<figtable id="tab:Physikalische Eigenschaften von Gold und Gold-Legierungen">
<caption>'''Physikalische Eigenschaften von Gold und Gold-Legierungen'''</caption>
 
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
|-
!Material
!Gold<br/>Anteil<br/>[gew.%]
!Dichte<br/>[g/cm<sup>3</sup>]
!Schmelzpunkt<br/>[°C]
!Elektrischel<br/>Widerstandskraft<br/>[µΩ*cm]
!Elektrische<br/>Leitfähigkeit<br/>[MS/m]
!Thermische<br/>Leitfähigkeit<br/>[W/(m*K)]
!Temp. Koeff. des<br/>elektrischen Widerstands<br/>[10<sup>-3<sup/>/K]
!Elastizitätsmodul<br/>[GPa]
|-
|Au (99,95)
| >99,95
|19,3
|1064
|2,32
|43
|317
|4,0
|79
|-
|AuAg8
|92
|18,1
|1058
|6,13
|16,3
|147
|1,25
|82
|-
|AuAg20
|80
|16,4
|1035 - 1045
|10,0
|10
|75
|0,86
|89
|-
|AuNi5
|95
|18,3
|995 - 1018
|13,5
|7,4
|53
|0,71
|83
|-
|AuCo5
|95
|18,2
|1010 - 1015
|55,6
|1,8
|
|0,68
|88
|-
|AuCo5 (het.)
|95
|18,2
|1010 - 1015
|5,99
|16,7
|
|
|
|-
|AuAg25Cu5
|70
|15,2
|950 - 980
|12,2
|8,2
|
|0,75
|89
|-
|AuAg20C10
|70
|15,1
|865 - 895
|13,3
|7,5
|66
|0,52
|87
|-
|AuAg26Ni3
|71
|15,4
|990 - 1020
|11,0
|9,1
|59
|0,88
|114
|-
|AuPt10
|90
|19,5
|1150 - 1190
|12,5
|8,0
|54
|
|
|-
|AuAg25Pt6
|69
|16,1
|1060
|15,9
|6,3
|46
|0,54
|93
|-
|AuCu14Pt9Ag4
|73
|16,0
|955
|14,3 - 25
|4 - 7
|
|
|
|-
|}
</figtable>
<div class="multiple-images">
<figtable id="tab:Physical_Properties_of_Gold_and_Gold_Alloys">
[[File:Physical Properties of Gold and Gold-Alloys.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Physikalische Eigenschaften von Gold und Goldlegierungen</caption>]]
</figtable>
<figure id="fig:Influence_of_1_10_atomic_of_different">
[[File:Influence of 1-10 atomic of different.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Einfluss von 1-10 Atom-% verschiedener Zusatzmetalle auf den spez. elektrischen Widerstand p von Gold (nach Linde)</caption>]]
|95<br />105<br />120<br />150
|-
|AuCo5 prec.hardenedvergütet|heterogeneousheterogen
|360
|3
|-
|AuCu14Pt9Ag4
|R 620<br />R 700<br />R 850<br />R 950<br />prec.hardenedvergütet
|620<br />700<br />850<br />950<br />900
|20<br />3<br />2<br />1<br />3
<caption>'''Kontakt- und Schalteigenschaften von Gold und Goldlegierungen'''</caption>
<table class="twocolortable">
<tr><th><p class="s11">MaterialWerkstoff</p></th><th><p class="s12">PropertiesEigenschaften<th colspan="2"></p></th></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Au</p></td><td><p class="s12">Highest corrosion resistanceHöchste Korrosionsbeständigkeit, low</p><p class="s12">hardnessgeringe Härte</p></td><td><p class="s12">High electr. conductivityhohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit,</p><p class="s12">strong tendency to cold weldingstarke Neigung zum Kaltschweißen</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg8</p></td><td><p class="s12">High corrosion resistanceHohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, low thermo</p><p class="s12">e.m.f.thermokraftarm</p></td><td><p class="s12">Low contact resistanceniedriger Kontaktwiderstand</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuPt10</p><p class="s11">AuPd5</p></td><td><p class="s12">Very high corrosion resistanceSehr hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit</p></td><td><p class="s12">High hardnesshohe Härte</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg10 - 30</p></td><td><p class="s12">Mostly corrosion resistantWeitgehend korrosionsbeständig</p></td><td><p class="s12">Higher hardnesshöhere Härte</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuNi5</p><p class="s11">AuCo5</p></td><td><p class="s12">High corrosion resistanceHohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, low</p><p class="s12">tendency to material transfergeringe Neigung zur Materialwanderung</p></td><td><p class="s12">High hardnesshohe Härte</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg25Pt6</p></td><td><p class="s12">High corrosion resistanceHohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit, low contact resistanceniedriger Kontaktwiderstand</p></td><td><p class="s12">High hardnesshohe Härte</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg26Ni3</p><p class="s11">AuAg25Cu5</p><p class="s11">AuAg20Cu10</p></td><td><p class="s12">Limited corrosion resistanceBedingt korrosionsbeständig</p></td><td><p class="s12">High hardnesshohe Härte</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuPd40</p><p class="s11">AuPd35Ag10</p><p class="s11">AuCu14Pt9Ag4</p></td><td><p class="s12">High corrosion resistanceHohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit</p></td><td><p class="s12">High hardness and mechanical</p><p class="s12">wear resistancehohe Verschleißfestigkeit</p></td></tr></table>
</figtable>
<table class="twocolortable">
<tr><th><p class="s11">MaterialWerkstoff</p></th><th><p class="s12">Application ExamplesAnwendungsbeispiele</p></th><th><p class="s12">Form of ApplicationAnwendungsformen</p></th></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Pure GoldFeingold</p><p class="s11">(electroplatedgalvanisch)</p></td><td><p class="s12">Corrosion protection layer for contact partsKorrosionsschutz für Kontaktteile, stationary contactsruhende Kontakte, bonding surfacesBondverbindungen</p></td><td><p class="s12">Electroplated coatingsGalvanische Überzüge, bond surface layersBondschichten</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Hard GoldHartgold</p><p class="s11">(sputteredgalvanisch)</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact parts for connectors and switchesKontaktteile für Steckverbinder und Schalter, sliding contact tracksGleitkontaktbahnen, bonding surfacesBondverbindungen</p></td><td><p class="s12">Electroplated coatings on contact rivets and stamped partsGalvanische Überzüge auf Kontaktnieten und Stanzteilen</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Hard GoldHartgold</p><p class="s11">(sputteredgesputtert)</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contacts Kontaktstellen in switches and relays for low loadsSchaltern und Relais für geringe Lasten, electronic signal relaysSignalrelais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact surface layer on miniature</p><p class="s12">profiles (weld tapes)Kontaktschicht auf Miniprofilen</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg8</p></td><td><p class="s12">Dry circuit switching contactsSchaltende Kontakte in trockenen Stromkreisen, electronic</p><p class="s12">signal relaysSignalrelais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact rivetsKontaktniete, welded contact</p><p class="s12">partsgeschweißte Kontaktteile</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg20</p></td><td><p class="s12">Switching contacts for low loadsSchaltende Kontakte für geringe Lasten, electronic</p><p class="s12">signal relaysSignalrelais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact rivetsKontaktniete, welded contact</p><p class="s12">partsgeschweißte Kontaktteile</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuAg25Cu5</p><p class="s11">AuAg25Cu10</p><p class="s11">AuAg26Ni3</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact parts for connectorsKontaktteile für Steckverbinder, switches and relaysSchalter und Relais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Claddings on Plattierungen auf Cu alloys-Legierungen, contact rivetsKontaktniete, contact layer on micro profiles (weld tapes)Kontaktschicht auf Miniprofilen</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuNi5</p><p class="s11">AuCo5 (heterogen)</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contacts Kontaktstellen in switches and relays for low and medium loadsSchaltern und Relaisfür geringe und mittlere Lasten, material transfer resistant contactsmaterialwanderungsbeständige Kontakte</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact rivetsKontaktniete, welded contact partsgeschweißte Kontakte, contact layer on miniature profiles (weld tapes)Kontaktschicht auf Miniprofilen</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuPt10</p><p class="s11">AuAg25Pt6</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contacts for highest chemical corrosion resistance Kontakte höchster chemischer Beständigkeit in switches and relaysSchaltern und Relais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Contact rivetsKontaktniete, contact layer on micro profiles (weld tapes)Kontaktschicht auf Miniprofilen</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">AuCu14Pt9Ag4</p></td><td><p class="s12">Sliding contacts for measurement data transferGleitkontakte für Messwertübertrager</p></td><td><p class="s12">Wire-formed partsDrahtbiegeteile</p></td></tr></table>
</figtable>
 
 
<xr id="fig:Phase diagram of goldplatinum"/> Fig. 2.3: Phase diagram of goldplatinum
 
 
<xr id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-silver"/> Fig. 2.4: Phase diagram of gold-silver
 
 
<xr id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-copper"/> Fig. 2.5: Phase diagram of gold-copper
 
 
<xr id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-nickel"/> Fig. 2.6: Phase diagram of gold-nickel
 
 
<xr id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-cobalt"/> Fig. 2.7: Phase diagram of gold-cobalt
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of Au by cold working"/> Fig. 2.8: Strain hardening of Au by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Softening of Au after annealing for 0.5 hrs"/> Fig. 2.9: Softening of Au after annealing for 0.5 hrs after 80% cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuPt10 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.10: Strain hardening of AuPt10 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg20 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.11: Strain hardening of AuAg20 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg30 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.12: Strain hardening of AuAg30 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuNi5 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.13: Strain hardening of AuNi5 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Softening of AuNi5 after annealing for 0.5 hrs"/> Fig. 2.14: Softening of AuNi5 after annealing for 0.5 hrs after 80% cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuCo5 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.15: Strain hardening of AuCo5 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Precipitation hardening of AuCo5 at"/> Fig. 2.16: Precipitation hardening of AuCo5 at 400°C hardening temperature
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg25Pt6 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.17: Strain hardening of AuAg25Pt6 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg26Ni3 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.18: Strain hardening of AuAg26Ni3 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Softening of AuAg26Ni3 after annealing for 0.5-hrs"/> Fig. 2.19: Softening of AuAg26Ni3 after annealing for 0.5 hrs after 80% cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg25Cu5 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.20: Strain hardening of AuAg25Cu5 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg20Cu10 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.21: Strain hardening of AuAg20Cu10 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Softening of AuAg20Cu10 after annealing for 0.5 hrs"/> Fig. 2.22: Softening of AuAg20Cu10 after annealing for 0.5 hrs after 80% cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Strain hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4 by cold working"/> Fig. 2.23: Strain hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4 by cold working
 
 
<xr id="fig:Precipitation hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4"/> Fig. 2.24: Precipitation hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4 at different hardening temperatures after 50% cold working
<div class="multiple-images">
<figure id="fig:Phase diagram of goldplatinum">
[[File:Phase diagram of goldplatinum.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Phase diagram of goldplatinumZustandsdiagramm von Gold-Platin</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-silver">
[[File:Phase diagram of gold-silver.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Phase diagram of goldZustandsdiagramm von Gold-silverSilber</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-copper">
[[File:Phase diagram of gold-copper.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Phase diagram of goldZustandsdiagramm von Gold-copperKupfer</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-nickel">
[[File:Phase diagram of gold-nickel.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Phase diagram of goldZustandsdiagramm von Gold-nickelNickel</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase diagram of gold-cobalt">
[[File:Phase diagram of gold-cobalt.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Phase diagram of goldZustandsdiagramm von Gold-cobaltKobalt</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of Au by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of Au by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von Au by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening of Au after annealing for 0.5 hrs">
[[File:Softening of Au after annealing for 0.5 hrs.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von Au after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs after ,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuPt10 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuPt10 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuPt10 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg20 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuAg20 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuAg20 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg30 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuAg30 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuAg30 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuNi5 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuNi5 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuNi5 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening of AuNi5 after annealing for 0.5 hrs">
[[File:Softening of AuNi5 after annealing for 0.5 hrs.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von AuNi5 after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs after ,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuCo5 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuCo5 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuCo5 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Precipitation hardening of AuCo5 at">
[[File:Precipitation hardening of AuCo5 at.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Precipitation hardening of Aushärtung von AuCo5 at bei 400°C hardening temperatureAushärtungstemperatur</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg25Pt6 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuAg25Pt6 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuAg25Pt6 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg26Ni3 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuAg26Ni3 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuAg26Ni3 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening of AuAg26Ni3 after annealing for 0.5-hrs">
[[File:Softening of AuAg26Ni3 after annealing for 0.5-hrs.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von AuAg26Ni3 after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs after ,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg25Cu5 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuAg25Cu5 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuAg25Cu5 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuAg20Cu10 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuAg20Cu10 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuAg20Cu10 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening of AuAg20Cu10 after annealing for 0.5 hrs">
[[File:Softening of AuAg20Cu10 after annealing for 0.5 hrs.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von AuAg20Cu10 after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs after ,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4 by cold working">
[[File:Strain hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von AuCu14Pt9Ag4 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Precipitation hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4">
[[File:Precipitation hardening of AuCu14Pt9Ag4.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Precipitation hardening of Aushärtung von AuCu14Pt9Ag4 at different hardening temperatures after nach 50% cold workingKaltumformung bei verschiedenen Anlasstemperaturen</caption>]]
</figure>
</div>

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