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442 bytes added, 14:15, 10 April 2014
7.2 Coatings from the Gaseous Phase (Vacuum Deposition)
==7.2 Coatings from the Gaseous Phase (Vacuum Deposition)==
The term PVD (physical vapor deposition) defines processes of metal, metal alloys, and chemical compounds deposition in a vacuum by adding thermal andkinetic energy through particle bombardment. The main processes are the following four coating variations ''<xr id="tab:Characteristics of the Most Important PVD Processes"/> (Table 7.6)'':
*Vapor deposition *Sputtering (Cathode atomization)*Arc vaporizing *Ion implantation
In all four processes the coating material is transported in its atomic form to the substrate and deposited on it as a thin layer (a few nm to approx. 10 μm)
Table 7.6: Characteristics of the Most Important PVD Processes
tabelle fehlt<figtable id="tab:Characteristics of the Most Important PVD Processes">'''Table 7.6: Characteristics of the Most Important PVD Processes''' {| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"|-!Process!Principle!Process Gas Pressure!Particle Energy!Remarks|-|Vapor deposition|Vaporizing in a crucible <br />(electron beam or resistance heating)|10<sup>-3</sup> Pa|< 2eV|Separation of alloy components may occur|}</figtable>
The sputtering process has gained the economically most significant usage. Its process principle is illustrated in ''(Fig. 7.5)''.