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<onlyinclude>The following tables list the physical properties figtable id="tab:Mechanical Properties of the most technically significant pure metals as well as carbon. The values given may vary considerably depending on the degree Most Important Metals"><caption>'''Mechanical Properties of purity and sometimes they are also difficult to determine. In compiling the data from the available literature we selected those that are currently the most probable. Some properties are anisotropic and vary with the crystalline structure of the metal.Most Important Metals'''</onlyinclude> In those cases, whenever possible, we listed the value applicable to the poly-crystalline stage. <brcaption>
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"|-!Element/Metal !Density [[#text-reference|<sup>1</sup>]][g/cm³]!Modulus ofElasticity [[#text-reference|<sup>1</sup>]][GPa]!Shear Modulus[GPa]!Transvers Contraction Coeffic.|-|Aluminum |2.70|65|27|0.34|-|Antimony |6.62|56|20.4|0.28|-|Beryllium|1.85|298|150|0.12|-|Lead|11.36|14.5|6|0.44|-|Cadmium|8.65|57.5|29|0.30|-|Chromium|7.19|160||0.25|-|Iron|7.89|208|83|0.28|-|Gallium|5.91|9.6||0.46|-|Gold|19.32|79|28|0.42|-|Indium|7.31|11||0.45|-|Iridium|22.65|538|214|0.26|-|Cobalt|8.85|216||0.31|-|Carbon (Graphite)|2.1-2.3|5|||-|Copper|8.95|115|48|0.34|-|Magnesium|1.74|46|18|0.28|-|Manganese|7.43|165|77|0.24|-|Molybdenum|10.21|347|122|0.30|-|Nickel|8.90|216|83|0.31|-|Niobium|8.57|113|39|0.38|-|Osmium|22.61|570|220|0.25|-|Palladium|12.02|124|51|0.39|-|Platinum|21.45|173|67|0.39|-|Mercury|13.55||||-|Rhenium|21.04|480|215|0.26|-|Rhodium|12.41|386|153|0.26|-|Ruthenium|12.45|485|172|0.29|-|Silver|10.49|82|27|0.37|-|Tantalum|16.60|188|70|0.35|-|Titanium|4.51|120|43|0.34|-|Vanadium|6.10|136|52|0.36|-|Bismuth|9.80|33|13|0.33|-|Tungsten|19.32|360|158|0.30|-|Zinc|7.13|96|36|0.29|-|Tin|7.30|47|18|0.33|-|Zirconium|6.49|98|36|0.33|-|}<div id="text-reference"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div></figtable><br/><br/><figtable id="tab:Atomic properties of the most important metals"><caption>'''Tab. Mechanical Properties Atomic properties of the Most Important Metalsmost important metals'''</caption>
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"|-!Element/Metal!Chemical<br/>Symbol!Atomic Number!Atomic Weight!Crystal Structure [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]!Lattic Parameters [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]<br />a or b [[#text-reference2|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>10</sup>m]!Lattic Parameters [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]<br />a or b [[#text-reference2|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>-10</sup>m]!Work Function<br />[eV]!Ionization Potential<br/>[eV]|-|Aluminum|Al|13|26,98|foc|4,049||4,08 - 4,3|5,98|-|Antimony|Sb|51|121,75|rhl|4,507||4,1|8,64|-|Beryllium|Be|4|9,01|hcp|2,286|3,584|3,2 - 3,9|9,32|-|Lead|Pb|87|207,19|fcc|4,949||4,0 - 4,1|7,42|-|Cadmium|Cd|48|112,40|hcp|2,979|5,617|3,7 - 4,1|8,99|-|Chromium|Cr|24|52,00|bcc|2,884||4,4 - 4,7|6,76|-|Iron|Fe|26|55,85|bcc|2,866||4,1 - 4,5|7,9|-|Gallium|Ga|31|69,72|ort|4,524|7,661|3,8 - 4,1|6,0|-|Gold|Au|79|196,97|fcc|4,078||4,3 - 5,1|9,22|-|Indium|In|49|114,82|tet|4,594|4,951|4,0|5,79|-|Iridium|Ir|77|192,20|fcc|3,839||4,6 - 5,3|9,1|-|Cobalt|Co|27|58,93|hcp|2,507|4,069|4,4 - 4,6|7,86|-|Carbon (Graphite)|C|6|12,01|hcp-layered lattic[[#text-reference3|<sup>3</sup>]]|2,456|6,696|4,8|11,27|-|Copper|Cu|29|63,54|fcc|3,615||4,4|7,72|-|Magnesium|Mg|12|24,31|hcp|3,209|5,210|3,7|7,64|-|Manganese|Mn|25|54,94|complex cubic|8,912||3,8 - 4,1|6,0|-|Molybdenum|Mo|42|95,94|bcc|3,147||4,1 - 4,5|7,18|-|Nickel|Ni|28|58,71|fcc|3,524||5,0 - 5,2|7,63|-|Niobium|Nb|41|92,91|bcc|3,301||4,0|6,77|-|Osmium|Os|76|190,23|hcp|2,734|4,320|4,5|8,7|-|Palladium|Pd|46|106,40|fcc|3,890||4,5 - 5,0|8,34|-|Platinum|Pt|78|195,09|fcc|3,931||4,1 - 5,5|9,0|-|Mercury|Hg|80|200,59|rhl[[#text-reference4|<sup>4</sup>]]|3,061[[File:Mechanical#text-reference4|<sup>4</sup>]]||4,5|10,44|-|Rhenium|Re|75|186,20|hcp|2,760|4,458|4,7 - 5,0|7,8|-|Rhodium|Rh|45|102,91|fcc|3,804||4,6 - 4,9|7,46|-|Ruthenium|Ru|44|101,07|hcp|2,704|4,281|4,5|7,37|-|Silver|Ag|47|107,87|fcc|4,086||4,3|7,57|-|Tantalum|Ta|73|180,95|bcc|3,303||4,0 - 4,2|7,89|-|Titanium|Ti|2|47,90|hcp|2,950|4,683|4,0 - 4,4|6,83|-|Vanadium|V|23|50,94|bcc|3,039||3,8 - 4,2|6,71|-|Bismuth|Bi|83|208,98|rhl|4,746||4,1 - 4,5|8,0|-|Tungsten|W|74|183,85|bcc|3,158||4,3 - 5,0|7,98|-Properties|Zinc|Zn|30|65,37|hcp|2,665|4,947|3,1 -of4,3|9,39|-the|Tin|Sn|50|118,69|tet|5,831|3,181|3,6 -Most4,1|7,33|-Important|Zirconium|Zr|40|91,22|hcp|3,231|5,148|3,7 -Metals.jpg4,3|right6,92|thumb-|Mechanical Properties }<div id="text-reference1"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div><div id="text-reference2"><sub>2</sub> for rhombohedral crystals, the rhombohedra angle α is given in angle degrees and minutes; for orthorhombic crystals the parameter β is shown in m x 10<sup>-10</sup></div><div id="text-reference3"><sub>3</sub> α-crystal</div><div id="text-reference4"><sub>4</sub> at -50°C</div></figtable>fcc = cubic face cenered // bcc = cubic body centered // hcp = hexagonal dense spherical ort = orthorhombic // tet = tetragonal // rhl = rhombohedral <br/><br/><figtable id="tab:Thermal properties of the Most Important Metals]]most important metals"><caption>'''Thermal properties of the most important metals'''</caption>
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"|-!Element/Metal!Specific Heat [[#text-reference5|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[kJ/(K*kg)]!Softening<br/>Temperature<br/>[°C]!Melting Point<br/>[°C]!Heat of Fusion<br/>[kJ/kg]!Vapor Pressure<br/>at Melting Point<br/>[Pa]!Boiling Point<br/>[°C]!Heat of Vaporizing<br />[kJ/g]!Thermal<br/>Conductivity<br/>[W/(m*K)]!Linear Expansion<br/>Coefficient[[#text-reference6|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>-6</sup>m/K]!Volume Change at<br/>Solidification<br/>[%]|-|Aluminum|0,900|150|660|398|2,5x10<sup>-6</sup>|2467|10,47|237|23,6| -6,5|-|Antimony|0,210||630|163|2,5x10<sup>-9</sup>|1587|1,97|24,3|10,5| +9,5|-|Beryllium|1,824||1277|1090|4,3|2477||200|12,3||-|Lead|0,130|200|327|25|4,21x10<sup>-7</sup>|1750|24,70|35,3|29,3| -3,5|-|Cadmium|0,230||321|54|14,8|767|0,88|96,8|41,0| -4,0|-|Chromium|0,450||1857|314|990|2672|5,86|93,7|6,2||-|Iron|0,444|500|1537|268|7,05|2750|80,2|12,2| -3,0||-|Gallium|0,370||29,8|80,4|9,6x10<sup>-36</sup>|2204|3,90|40,6|18,0| +3,0|-|Gold|0,128|100|1064|63|2,4x10<sup>-3</sup>|3080|1,55|317|14,3| -5,1|-|Indium|0,233||157|28,5|1,5x10<sup>-17</sup>|2072|1,97|81,6|| -2,5|-|Iridium|0,130||2410|144|1,5|4130|3,31|147|6,5||-|Cobalt|0,420||1495|260|175|2927|6,66|100|13,8||-|Carbon (Graphite)|0,720|||||3825 sublimiert|119 - 165|155|||-|Copper|0,385|190|1084|205|5,2x10<sup>-2</sup>|2567|4,77|401|16,5| -4,2|-|Magnesium|1,020||650|373|361|1107|5,44|156|26,0| -4,1|-|Manganese|0,480||1244|264|121|1962|4,10|7,8|23,0| -1,7|-|Molybdenum|0,250|900|2623|292|3,6|4639|5,61|138|5,2||-|Nickel|0,440|520|1453|301|237|2913|6,45|90,7|13,0| -2,5|-|Niobium|0,272||2477|289|7,9x10<sup>-2</sup>|4744|7,79|53,7|7,3||-|Osmium|0,130||3045|141|2,52|5012|3,81|87,6|6,5||-|Palladium|0,244||1554|143|1,33|2970|3,48|71,8|11,1| -5,5|-|Platinum|0,130|540|1772|113|3,2x10<sup>-2</sup>|3827|2,62|71,6|9,0| -6,0|-|Mercury|0,140|| -38,9|11,7|3,1x10<sup>-4</sup>|357|0,29|8,34|60,8| -3,7|-|Rhenium|0,137||3186|178|3,24|5596|3,42|72|6,7||-|Rhodium|0,242||1966|211|6,36x10<sup>-1</sup>|3695|5,19|150|8,5| -10,8|-|Ruthenium|0,238||2310|252|1,4|4150|6,62|117|9,5||-|Silver|0,232|180|961,9|105|3,4x10<sup>-1</sup>|2212|2,39|429|19,5| -3,8|-|Tantalum|0,140|850|3017|157|7,86x10<sup>-1</sup>|5448|4,32|57,5|6,5||-|Titanium|0,520||1668|403|4,9x10<sup>-1</sup>|2830|8,80|21,9|10,8||-|Vanadium|0,490||1902|330|3,06|3287|10,3|30,7|8,3||-|Bismuth|0,122||271|54|6,5x10<sup>-4</sup>|1564|1,43|7,87|14,0| -0,33|-|Tungsten|0,138|1000|3422|193|4,27|5555|3,98|174|4,5||-|Zinc|0,385|170|420|100|3,06|907|1,76|116|36,0| -4,7|-|Tin|0,228|100|222|59|6x10<sup>-21</sup>|2602|1,95|66,6|26,7| -2,8|-|Zirconium|0,281||1852|224|1,7x10<sup>-3</sup>|4409|4,6|22,7|5,9||-|}<div id="text-reference5"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div><div id="text-reference6"><sub>2</sub> between 20°C and 100°C</div></figtable><br/><br/><figtable id="tab:Elektrische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle"><caption>'''Tab. Atomic Properties of the Most Important MetalsElektrische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle'''</caption>
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"|-!Element/Metal!Electrical Resistivity [[File:Atomic#text-Propertiesreference7|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[Ω*mm<sup>2</sup>/m]!Electrical Conductivity[[#text-reference7|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[MS/m]!Temperatur Coeff.<br/>ofElectrical<br/>Resistance[[#text-thereference8|<sup>2</sup>]]<br/>[10<sup>-Most-Important3</sup>/K]!Absolute thermal<br/>e.m.f.[[#text-Metals.jpgreference9|right|thumb|Atomic Properties of the Most Important Metals<sup>3</sup>]]<br/>[µV/K]!Critical<br/>Superconductor<br/>Temperatur<br/>[K]'''Tab. Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals'''!Softening<br/>Voltage<br/>(measured)<br/>[V]!Melting<br/>Voltage<br/>(measured)<br/>[V]!Melting<br/>Voltage<br/>(calculated)[[File:Thermal#text-reference10|<sup>4</sup>]]<br/>[V]!Minimum Arc<br/>Voltage<br/>[V]!Minimum Arc<br/>Current<br/>[A]|-|Aluminum|2,65|37,7|4,6| -1,6|1,18|0,1|0,3|0,29|11,2|0,4|-|Antimony|38,6|2,6|5,4| +20,6 - +46,8||0,2||0,28|10,5||-|Beryllium|4,2|23,8|10,0| -3,3|0,026|||0,48|||-|Lead|19,2|5,2|4,2| -1,2|7,196||0,19|0,17|11,5|0,1|-|Cadmium|7,50|13,30|4,3| -0,1 - +3,6|0,52|0,12||0,17|12|0,4|-|Chromium|14,95|6,7|3,0| +14,0|3,0|||0,67|16|0,45|-|Iron|9,72|10,3|6,6| +16,0||0,19|0,6|0,54|11,5||-|Gallium|43,2|2,3|4,0||1,08|||0,04||0,35|-|Gold|2,35|42,6|4,0| +1,7||0,08|0,43|0,42|15||-|Indium|8,37|11,94|4,9||3,41|||0,11|||-|Iridium|5,31|18,83|4,1| +1,5|0,11|||0,86|11,5||-|Cobalt|6,24|16,0|6,6| -18,5||||0,54||0,01 - 0,02|-|Carbon (Graphite)|30,0|3,33|||||||20|0,4|-|Copper|1,67|59,9|4,3| +1,7||0,12|0,43|0,42|12 - 13||-|Magnesium|4,42|22,62|4,2| +3,4||||0,28|||-|Manganese|185,0|0,54|0,5|||||0,47||0,75|-|Molybdenum|5,20|19,2|4,7| +5,9|0,92|0,3|0,75|0,91|12|0,4 -0,5|-|Nickel|6,85|14,6|6,8| -18,9||0,16|0,65|0,54|14||-|Niobium|13,1|7,6|3,4| -0,5|9,2|||0,778|||-|Osmium|8,12|12,31|4,2||0,66|||1,04||0,8 -0,9|-|Palladium|10,82|9,24|3,8| -0,9|3,3||0,57|0,57|15 - 16|0,8 -1,0|-|Platinum|10,54|9,58|3,9| -4,4|0,0019|0,25|0,71|0,64|17||-|Mercury|94,9|1,14|1,0| +8,5|4,15|||||0,35|-|Rhenium|19,3|5,2|4,6||1,7|||1,09|||-|Rhodium|4,51|22,2|4,4| +1,7|0,000325|||0,70|14||-|Ruthenium|7,62|13,12|4,6| -18,0|0,49|||0,81||0,4|-|Silver|1,59|62,9|4,3| +1,4||0,09|0,37|0,38|12||-|Tantalum|12,4|8,1|3,5| -2,3|4,47|0,3||1,03|12||-|Titanium|43,5|2,3|5,5| +7,3|0,4|||0,61|||-Properties|Vanadium|26,0|3,8|3,9| +1,0|5,3|||0,68|||-of|Bismuth|12,1|8,36|4,5| -the53 -Most-Important110||||0,15|||-Metals.jpg|Tungsten|5,65|17,7|4,8| +0,8|0,0154|1,1|1,16|1,16||0,8 - 1,2|-|Zinc|5,92|16,9|right4,2|thumb+0,4 - +2,3|Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals]]0,85|0,17'''Tab. Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals'''|0,2|0,20[[File:Electrical|15 -Properties16|0,1|-of|Tin|11,0|9,09|4,6| -the0,6 -Most-Important1,5|3,72|0,13|0,14|0,14|11||-Metals.jpg|Zirconium|43,5|2,3|4,4| +9,5|0,55||0,67|0,67|12,5|right|thumb-|Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals}<div id="text-reference7"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div><div id="text-reference8"><sub>2</sub> near room temperature</div><div id="text-reference9"><sub>3</sub> near room temperature, however values for metals with non-cubic structure can vary widely</div><div id="text-reference10"><sub>4</sub> Calculated according to U<sub>Melt</sub> = [4L * (T<sup>2</sup><sub>Melt</sub> - T<sup>2</sup><sub>0</sub>)]<sup>1/2</sup> mit U<sub>Melt</sub>= Melting Voltage, L = Lorenz Constant (2,45x10<sup>-8</sup>[V/K], T<sub>Melt</sub>= Melting Temperature, T<sub>0</sub>= Temperature at a point distant from the constriction spot</div></figtable>
===References===
Metals Handbook, Desk Edition: Chicago, IL, American Society of Metal, 1985
Wyckoff, R., W., G.: Crystal Structures. Vol 1,New York, 1963
[[de:Physikalische_Eigenschaften_der_wichtigsten_Metalle]]
