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<tr><th><p class="s13">Criteria</p></th><th><p class="s13">Form B Form C</p><p class="s13">Trapezoidal head, Trapezoidal head radiused flat</p></th><th><p class="s13">Suggested test</p><p class="s13">equipment</p></th></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">a) Head diameter</p><p class="s13">d<span class="s14"><sub>1 </sub> </span>[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">During optical measurement disregard corner radius R<span class="s14"><sub>3</sub> </span><u>+</u> 0.1</p></td><td><p class="s13">Comparator, measu-</p><p class="s13">ring microscpope</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">b) Head thickness</p><p class="s13">k [mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">+ 0.1</p></td><td><p class="s13">Micrometer,</p><p class="s13">Dial indicator</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">c) Shank diameter</p><p class="s13">d<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span>[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">Deviation from roundness and conical shape of</p><p class="s13">shank only within allowed diameter tolerance d<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span> <u><</u> 1.5 - 0.08</p><p class="s13">d<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span>> 1.5 - 0.1</p></td><td><p class="s13">Micrometer</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">d) Shank length l</p><p class="s13">[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">+ 0.15</p></td><td><p class="s13">Micrometer, Dial indicator, Comparator</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">e) Radius at center</p><p class="s13">of contact surface</p><p class="s13">R<span class="s14"><sub>1</sub> </span>[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">Form B: <u>+</u> 10%, but not below</p><p class="s15">+<span class="s13"> 0.5 mm</span></p><p class="s13">Form C: Allowable deviation from flatness: convex: within head thickness tolerance concave: 0.005 d<span class="s14">1</span></p></td><td><p class="s13">Comparator, Comparator template, Radius gage, Profile template</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">f) Radius at edge</p><p class="s13">of contact surface</p><p class="s13">R<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span>[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">per DIN 46240: Form B and C max. 0.5 without DIN:max. 1</p></td><td><p class="s13">Profile template,</p><p class="s13">Comparator, Radius gage</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">g) Radii</p><p class="s13">R<span class="s14"><sub>3</sub> </span>and R<span class="s14"><sub>5</sub> </span>[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">Sligth rounding allowed</p></td><td><p class="s13">Comparator</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">h) Transition radius</p><p class="s13">head underside to shank R<span class="s14"><sub>4</sub> </span>[mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">d<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span><u><</u> 2 R<span class="s14"><sub>4</sub> </span><u><</u> 0.08 d<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span>> 2 R<span class="s14"><sub>4</sub> </span><u><</u> 0.1 d<span class="s14"><sub>2</sub> </span>> 3 R<span class="s14"><sub>4</sub> </span><u><</u> 0.2</p></td><td><p class="s13">Comparator, if in doubt: micro-section</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">i) Allowed deviation from cylindrical shape</p></td><td><p class="s13">d<span class="s14"><sub>1</sub> </span> <u><</u> 4 up to 7°30’ + 2°30’</p><p class="s13">d<span class="s14"><sub>1</sub> </span>> 4 up to 10° + 5°</p></td><td><p class="s13">Comparator, Measu- ring microscope, if in doubt: microsection</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">k) Concentricity bet-</p><p class="s13">ween head and shank center line [mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">5% of d<span class="s14"><sub>1</sub></span></p></td><td><p class="s13">Comparator,</p><p class="s13">Measuring microscope, Special turn fixture</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">l) Contact layer</p><p class="s13">thickness [mm]</p></td><td><p class="s13">In center area of 0.5 d<span class="s14"><sub>1</sub> </span>s<u>></u> nominal thickness</p><p class="s13">Remaining head area must be covered</p></td><td><p class="s13">Measuring micros- cope, Microsection</p></td></tr></table>
*Typical contact shapes of tri-metal rivets Typische Kontaktformen für Trimetallniete <xr id="fig:Typical_contact_shapes_of_tri-metal_rivets"/>
<figure id="fig:Typical_contact_shapes_of_tri-metal_rivets">
[[File:Typical_contact_shapes_of_tri-metal_rivets.jpg|right|thumb|Typical contact shapes of tri-metal rivetsTypische Kontaktformen für Trimetallniete]]
</figure>
*Contact materials Kontaktwerkstoffe <br /> Ag, AgNi 0,15 (ARGODUR), AgCu, AgCuNi (ARGODUR 27), Ag/Ni (SINIDUR), Ag/CdO (DODURIT CDO), Ag/SnO (SISTADOX), Ag/ZnO (DODURIT ZNO)<br />
*Base materials Trägerwerkstoffe <br /> Cu <br />
*Dimensional ranges Abmessungsbereiche <xr id="fig:Dimensional_ranges2"/>
<figure id="fig:Dimensional_ranges2">
[[File:Dimensional_ranges2.jpg|right|thumb|Dimensional rangesAbmessungsbereiche]]
</figure>
*Standard values for rivet dimensionStandardwerte für Nietabmessungen
<table class="twocolortable" style="width:75%">
<tr><th>d<sub>1</sub></th><th><p class="s13">k</p></th><th><p class="s13">1</p></th><th><p class="s13">d<sub>2</sub></p></th><th><p class="s13">α</p></th><th><p class="s13">r<sub>1</sub></p></th><th><p class="s13">s<sub>1</sub></p></th><th><p class="s13">s<sub>2</sub></p></th></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">3.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">0.8</p></td><td><p class="s13">2.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">1.5</p></td><td><p class="s13">7.5°</p></td><td><p class="s13">4.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">0.4</p></td><td><p class="s13">1.0</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">4.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">1.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">2.5</p></td><td><p class="s13">2.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">7.5°</p></td><td><p class="s13">8.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">0.5</p></td><td><p class="s13">1.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s13">5.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">1.2</p></td><td><p class="s13">3.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">2.5</p></td><td><p class="s13">10°</p></td><td><p class="s13">12.0</p></td><td><p class="s13">0.6</p></td><td><p class="s13">1.4</p></td></tr></table>
==== Braze Alloy Clad Contact RivetsLotplattierte Kontaktniete====For special casesIn Sonderfällen, especially high surrounding temperatures with high thermal and mechanical stresses during switching operationsbei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen und starker thermischerund mechanischer Beanspruchung im Schaltbetrieb, ist eine stoffschlüssigeVerbindung zwischen Kontaktniet und Trägerwerkstoff erforderlich, a full metallurgical bond between the contact rivet and the contact carrier may be required to prevent a loosening of the connection and early failures of the deviceum eineLockerung der Verbindung und dadurch einen frühzeitigen Ausfall des Schaltgeräteszu vermeiden. To accomplish this superior bond a thin layer of brazing alloy is added to the underside of the head and the rivet shankDabei werden die Unterseite des Nietkopfes und derNietschaft mit einer dünnen Lotschicht plattiert. During assembly a thermal treatment is added after the mechanical stakingIn den Fertigungsablauf wirddann nach dem Einnieten noch eine Wärmebehandlung integriert.
====Contact Rivets with Brazed Contact Material LayersKontaktniete mit gelöteter Kontaktauflage====For certain applications contact rivets with nonFür bestimmte Anwendungen werden Kontaktniete mit Kontaktauflagen vorallem aus Wolfram, aber auch Silber-ductile or brittle materials such as tungsten, silver–tungstenWolfram sowie Silber-Grafit und ähnlichenspröden, or silver–graphite are requirednicht ausreichend verformbaren Werkstoffen benötigt. Rivets with these contact materials can only be fabricated by brazingSolcheKontaktniete sind nur in gelöteter Ausführung herstellbar. Small round tips are brazed to pre-fabricated copper or steel bases using special brazing alloys Dabei werden dieKontaktauflagen in a reducing atmosphereRondenform mit speziellem Hartlot unter Schutzgas aufvorgefertigte Sockel aus Kupfer oder Eisen aufgelötet.
=== Contact TipsKontaktplättchen und -formteile===Flat or formed contact tipsIn Schaltgeräten der Energietechnik werden häufig Kontaktplättchen oder-formteile eingesetzt, welded or brazed to contact carriers, are frequently used in switching devices for higher power technologydie meist durch Löten oder Schweißen auf Kontaktträgeraufgebracht werden. Depending on the contact material and specified shapes these tips are produced by various manufacturing processesDie Plättchen und Formteile werden je nach Kontaktwerkstoffnach unterschiedlichen Verfahren hergestellt. The most frequently used ones areDie am häufigstenverwendeten Fertigungsverfahren sind:
*Stamping from strips and profilesStanzen aus Bändern, Streifen und Profilen*Cutting from extruded rodsTrennen aus stranggepressten Stangen*PressingPressen, Sintering, and InfiltratingSintern und Tränken*Pressing, SinteringPressen, and Re-PressingSintern und Nachpressen*Pressing and SinteringPressen und Sintern
*Contact materials Kontaktwerkstoffe <br /> Ag, AgNi 0,15 (ARGODUR Spezial), AgCu, AgCuNi (ARGODUR 27), Ag/Ni (SINIDUR), Ag/CdO (DODURIT CdO), Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> (SISTADOX), Ag/ZnO (DODURIT ZnO), Ag/C (GRAPHOR), Ag/W (SIWODUR), Ag/WC (SIWODUR C), Ag/WC/C (SIWODUR C/C), Ag/Mo (SILMODUR), Cu/W (CUWODUR)<br />
*Typical contact shapes of tips and formed contact parts Typische Kontaktformen für Plättchen und Formteile <xr id="fig:Typical_contact_shapes_of_tips_and_formed_contact_parts"/>
<figure id="fig:Typical_contact_shapes_of_tips_and_formed_contact_parts">
[[File:Typical_contact_shapes_of_tips_and_formed_contact_parts.jpg|right|thumb|Typical contact shapes of tips and formed contact partsTypische Kontaktformen für Plättchen und Formteile]]
</figure>
*Dimensional rangesAbmessungsbereiche<br />Attachment Method: Welding <br />Bonding Area: approx. 5 – 25 mm<sup>2</sup><br />Attachment Method: Brazing <br />Bonding Area: > 25 mm<sup>2</sup> <br />
===Weld ButtonsAufschweißkontakte===
*Typical contact forms of weld buttons Typische Kontaktformen für Aufschweißkontakte <xr id="fig:Typical_contact_forms_of_weld_buttons"/>
<figure id="fig:Typical_contact_forms_of_weld_buttons">
[[File:Typical_contact_forms_of_weld_buttons.jpg|right|thumb|Typical contact forms of weld buttonsTypische Kontaktformen für Aufschweißkontakte]]
</figure>
*Contact materials Kontaktwerkstoffe <br /> Ag, AgNi 0,15 (ARGODUR-Spezial), AgCu, AgCuNi (ARGODUR 27), Ag/Ni (SINIDUR), Ag/CdO (DODURIT CdO), Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> (SISTADOX), Ag/ZnO (DODURIT ZnO) <br />
*Carrier materials Basiswerkstoffe<br />Ni, Fe, CuNi, CuNiZn et.alu.a<br />
*Dimensional Ranges Abmessungsbereiche <xr id="fig:13neuDimensional -Ranges"/>
<figure id="fig:13neuDimensional -Ranges">
[[File:13neuDimensional -Ranges.jpg|right|thumb|Dimensional RangesAbmessungsbereiche]]
</figure>
*Quality criteria of standard weld buttons Qualitätsmerkmale für Aufschweißkontakte in Standardausführung <xr id="fig:16Quality_criteria_-of_standard_weld_-buttonsneu"/>
<figure id="fig:16Quality_criteria_-of_standard_weld_-buttonsneu">
[[File:16Quality_criteria_-of_standard_weld_-buttonsneu.jpg|right|thumb|Quality criteria of standard weld buttonsQualitätsmerkmale für Aufschweißkontakte in Standardausführung]]
</figure>