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→5.1.8 Selection Criteria for Copper-Based Materials
The increasing requirements on spring components in connectors, especially for use in automotive applications, such as higher surrounding temperatures, increased reliability, and the trend towards miniaturization led to a change of materials from traditionally CuZn30 and CuSn4 to CuNiSi alloys, for example. These CuNiSi alloys and the newer heavy duty copper alloys like CuNi1Co1 are significantly improved with regards to mechanical strength, relaxation behavior, and electrical conductivity.
===5.2 Nickel and Nickel Alloys===
====5.2.1 Technical Grade Pure Nickel====
Technical grade pure nickel commonly contains 99.0 to 99.8 wt% Ni and up to 1 wt% Co. Other ingredients are iron and manganese ''(Tables 5.21 and 5.22)''. Work hardening and softening behavior of nickel are shown in Figs. 5.45 and 5.46.
