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→5.1.7.3 Bendability
====5.1.7.3 Bendability====
The measure for bendability of a strip material is the smallest possible bending radius r of a sample piece of given material thickness s without appearance of surface cracking. Bending tests are performed as either 90 degree bends according to ISO 7438 or as defined forth-and-back bending. The bendabilty of naturally hard copper alloys is significantly better perpendicular to the rolling direction than parallel to it ''[[#figures10|(Figs. 3 – 7)]](Figs. 5.41 and 5.42)''.
<div id="figures10"><xr id="fig:Smallest possible bend radii for 90 bends as function"/> Fig. 5.41: Smallest possible bend radii for 90° bends as a function of the 0.2% yield strength R – bend line p0.2 perpendicular to the rolling direction
(Wieland)
<xr id="fig:Smallest possible bend radii as a functionbend line parallel to the rolling direction"/> Fig. 5.42: Smallest possible bend radii for 90° bends as a function of the 0.2% yield strength Rp0.2 – bend line parallel to the rolling direction (Wieland)
</div>
<div class="multiple-images">
<figure id="fig:Smallest possible bend radii for 90 bends as function">
[[File:Smallest possible bend radii for 90 bends as function.jpg|right|thumb|Smallest possible bend radii for 90° bends as a function of the 0.2% yield strength R<sub>p0.2</sub> – bend line perpendicular to the rolling direction (Wieland)]]
</figure>
[[File:Smallest possible bend radii as a functionbend line parallel to the rolling direction.jpg|right|thumb|Smallest possible bend radii for 90° bends as a function of the 0.2% yield strength R<sub>p0.2</sub> – bend line parallel to the rolling direction (Wieland)]]
</figure>
</div>
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====5.1.7.4 Softening Behavior====
