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Difference between revisions of "Switching Contacts"

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===<!--6.4.4-->Switching Contacts===
 
===<!--6.4.4-->Switching Contacts===
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
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<li>'''Effects during switching operations'''</li>
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'''Effects during switching operations'''
−
 
 
−
<xr id="fig:Contact_opening_with_arc_formation_schematic"/><!--Fig. 6.7:--> Contact opening with arc formation schematic
 
  
 
<div class="multiple-images">
 
<div class="multiple-images">
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<div class="clear"></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
  
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<li>'''Influence of out-gasing from plastics'''</li>
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'''Influence of out-gasing from plastics'''
−
 
 
−
<xr id="fig:Histogram_of_the_contact_resistance_Rk"/><!--Fig. 6.9:--> Histogram of the contact resistance Rk of an electroplated palladium layer (3 μm) with and without hard gold flash plating (0.2 μm) after exposure with different plastic materials
 
−
 
 
−
<xr id="fig:Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics"/><!--Fig. 6.10:--> Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics as a function of numbers of operations at 6 V<sub>DC</sub>,100 mA: 1 Silicon containing plastic; 2 Plastics with strongly out-gasing components; 3 Plastics with minimal out-gasing components
 
−
 
 
  
 
<div class="multiple-images">
 
<div class="multiple-images">
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−
<li>'''Influence of corrosive gases on the contact resistance'''</li>
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'''Influence of corrosive gases on the contact resistance'''
  
−
<xr id="fig:Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets"/><!--Fig. 6.11:--> Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets after 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: ≤ 40 mV<sub>DC</sub>,10 mA; Probing
 
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contact: Gold rivet
 
  
 
<div class="multiple-images">
 
<div class="multiple-images">
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[[File:Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets after 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: ≤ 40 mV<sub>DC</sub>,10 mA; Probing
 
[[File:Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets after 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: ≤ 40 mV<sub>DC</sub>,10 mA; Probing
 
contact: Gold rivet</caption>]]
 
contact: Gold rivet</caption>]]
 +
</figure>
 +
<figure id="fig:Influences on contact areas in relays">
 +
[[File:Influences on contact areas in relays.jpg|right|thumb|<caption>Influences on contact areas in relays</caption>]]
 
</figure>
 
</figure>
 
</div>
 
</div>
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[[File:Influences on contact areas in relays.jpg|right|thumb|Influences on contact areas in relays]]
+
'''Contact Phenomena under the influence of arcing Matertia'''
−
 
 
−
<li>'''Contact Phenomena under the influence of arcing Matertia'''</li>
 
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
−
<li>'''Material transfer'''</li>
+
'''Material transfer'''
−
 
 
−
<xr id="fig:Material transfer under DC load"/><!--Fig. 6.12:--> Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode. <br /> Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12V<sub>DC</sub>, 3 A, 2x10<sup>6</sup> operations
 
  
 
<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Material transfer under DC load">[[File:Material transfer under DC load.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode. <br /> Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12V<sub>DC</sub>, 3 A, 2x10<sup>6</sup> perations</caption>]]</figure></div>
 
<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Material transfer under DC load">[[File:Material transfer under DC load.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode. <br /> Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12V<sub>DC</sub>, 3 A, 2x10<sup>6</sup> perations</caption>]]</figure></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
  
−
<li>'''Arc erosion'''</li>
+
'''Arc erosion'''
−
 
 
−
<xr id="fig:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions"/><!--Fig. 6.13:--> Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view
 
  
 
<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions">[[File:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view</caption>]]</figure></div>
 
<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions">[[File:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view</caption>]]</figure></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
 
<div class="clear"></div>
  
−
<li>'''Contact welding'''</li>
+
'''Contact welding'''
−
 
 
−
<xr id="fig:Micro structure of a welded contact pair after extremely high current load"/><!--Fig. 6.14:--> Micro structure of a welded contact pair (Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub>88/12 - Ag/CdO88/12) after extremely high current load. a) Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub>88/12; b) Ag/CdO88/12
 
  
 
<div class="multiple-images">
 
<div class="multiple-images">
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==References==
 
==References==
 
[[Application Tables and Guideline Data for Use of Electrical Contact Design#References|References]]
 
[[Application Tables and Guideline Data for Use of Electrical Contact Design#References|References]]
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 +
[[de:Schaltende Kontakte]]

Latest revision as of 10:32, 9 January 2023

Switching Contacts

    Effects during switching operations
    Figure 1: Contact opening with arc formation (schematic)

    Influence of out-gasing from plastics

    Figure 2: Histogram of the contact resistance RK of an electroplated palladium layer (3 μm) with and without hard gold flash plating (0.2 μm) after exposure with different plastic materials
    Figure 3: Contact resistance with exposure to out-gasing from plastics as a function of numbers of operations at 6 VDC,100 mA: 1 Silicon containing plastic; 2 Plastics with strongly out-gasing components; 3 Plastics with minimal out-gasing components


    Influence of corrosive gases on the contact resistance


    Figure 4: Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets after 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H2S, SO2 and NO2 at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: ≤ 40 mVDC,10 mA; Probing contact: Gold rivet
    Figure 5: Influences on contact areas in relays


    Contact Phenomena under the influence of arcing Matertia

      Material transfer
      Figure 6: Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode.
      Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12VDC, 3 A, 2x106 perations

      Arc erosion

      Figure 7: Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view

      Contact welding

      Figure 8: Micro structure of a welded contact pair (Ag/SnO288/12 - Ag/CdO88/12) after extremely high current load. a) Ag/SnO288/12; b) Ag/CdO88/12

References

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