Difference between revisions of "Physikalische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle"
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<div id="text-reference"><sub>1</sub> bei 20°C</div> | <div id="text-reference"><sub>1</sub> bei 20°C</div> | ||
</figtable> | </figtable> | ||
− | + | <br/> | |
+ | <br/> | ||
<figtable id="tab:Atomare Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle"> | <figtable id="tab:Atomare Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle"> | ||
<caption>'''Atomare Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle'''</caption> | <caption>'''Atomare Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle'''</caption> | ||
Line 245: | Line 246: | ||
!Ordnungszahl | !Ordnungszahl | ||
!Atommasse | !Atommasse | ||
− | !Kristallstruktur | + | !Kristallstruktur [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]] |
− | !Gitterparameter | + | !Gitterparameter [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]<br />a oder b [[#text-reference2|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>10</sup>m] |
− | + | !Gitterparameter [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]<br />a oder b [[#text-reference2|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>-10</sup>m] | |
− | + | !Arbeitsleistung<br />[eV] | |
− | ! | + | !Ionisierungspotenzial<br/>[eV] |
− | ! | + | |- |
+ | |Aluminium | ||
+ | |Al | ||
+ | |13 | ||
+ | |26,98 | ||
+ | |foc | ||
+ | |4,049 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,08 - 4,3 | ||
+ | |5,98 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Antimon | ||
+ | |Sb | ||
+ | |51 | ||
+ | |121,75 | ||
+ | |rhl | ||
+ | |4,507 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,1 | ||
+ | |8,64 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Beryllium | ||
+ | |Be | ||
+ | |4 | ||
+ | |9,01 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,286 | ||
+ | |3,584 | ||
+ | |3,2 - 3,9 | ||
+ | |9,32 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Blei |
− | | | + | |Pb |
− | | | + | |87 |
− | | | + | |207,19 |
− | | | + | |fcc |
+ | |4,949 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,0 - 4,1 | ||
+ | |7,42 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cadmium | ||
+ | |Cd | ||
+ | |48 | ||
+ | |112,40 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,979 | ||
+ | |5,617 | ||
+ | |3,7 - 4,1 | ||
+ | |8,99 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Chrom | ||
+ | |Cr | ||
+ | |24 | ||
+ | |52,00 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |2,884 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,4 - 4,7 | ||
+ | |6,76 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Eisen | ||
+ | |Fe | ||
+ | |26 | ||
+ | |55,85 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |2,866 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,1 - 4,5 | ||
+ | |7,9 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gallium | ||
+ | |Ga | ||
+ | |31 | ||
+ | |69,72 | ||
+ | |ort | ||
+ | |4,524 | ||
+ | |7,661 | ||
+ | |3,8 - 4,1 | ||
+ | |6,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gold | ||
+ | |Au | ||
+ | |79 | ||
+ | |196,97 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |4,078 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,3 - 5,1 | ||
+ | |9,22 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Indium | ||
+ | |In | ||
+ | |49 | ||
+ | |114,82 | ||
+ | |tet | ||
+ | |4,594 | ||
+ | |4,951 | ||
+ | |4,0 | ||
+ | |5,79 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Iridium | ||
+ | |Ir | ||
+ | |77 | ||
+ | |192,20 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |3,839 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,6 - 5,3 | ||
+ | |9,1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kobalt | ||
+ | |Co | ||
+ | |27 | ||
+ | |58,93 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,507 | ||
+ | |4,069 | ||
+ | |4,4 - 4,6 | ||
+ | |7,86 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kohlenstoff (Graphit) | ||
+ | |C | ||
+ | |6 | ||
+ | |12,01 | ||
+ | |hcp-Schichtgitter[[#text-reference3|<sup>3</sup>]] | ||
+ | |2,456 | ||
+ | |6,696 | ||
+ | |4,8 | ||
+ | |11,27 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kupfer | ||
+ | |Cu | ||
+ | |29 | ||
+ | |63,54 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |3,615 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,4 | ||
+ | |7,72 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Magnesium | ||
+ | |Mg | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | |24,31 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |3,209 | ||
+ | |5,210 | ||
+ | |3,7 | ||
+ | |7,64 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mangan | ||
+ | |Mn | ||
+ | |25 | ||
+ | |54,94 | ||
+ | |kubisch-komplex | ||
+ | |8,912 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |3,8 - 4,1 | ||
+ | |6,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Molybdän | ||
+ | |Mo | ||
+ | |42 | ||
+ | |95,94 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |3,147 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,1 - 4,5 | ||
+ | |7,18 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Nickel | ||
+ | |Ni | ||
+ | |28 | ||
+ | |58,71 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |3,524 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |5,0 - 5,2 | ||
+ | |7,63 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Niob | ||
+ | |Nb | ||
+ | |41 | ||
+ | |92,91 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |3,301 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,0 | ||
+ | |6,77 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Osmium | ||
+ | |Os | ||
+ | |76 | ||
+ | |190,23 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,734 | ||
+ | |4,320 | ||
+ | |4,5 | ||
+ | |8,7 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Palladium | ||
+ | |Pd | ||
+ | |46 | ||
+ | |106,40 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |3,890 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,5 - 5,0 | ||
+ | |8,34 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Platin | ||
+ | |Pt | ||
+ | |78 | ||
+ | |195,09 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |3,931 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,1 - 5,5 | ||
+ | |9,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Quecksilber | ||
+ | |Hg | ||
+ | |80 | ||
+ | |200,59 | ||
+ | |rhl[[#text-reference4|<sup>4</sup>]] | ||
+ | |3,061[[#text-reference4|<sup>4</sup>]] | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,5 | ||
+ | |10,44 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rhenium | ||
+ | |Re | ||
+ | |75 | ||
+ | |186,20 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,760 | ||
+ | |4,458 | ||
+ | |4,7 - 5,0 | ||
+ | |7,8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rhodium | ||
+ | |Rh | ||
+ | |45 | ||
+ | |102,91 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |3,804 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,6 - 4,9 | ||
+ | |7,46 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ruthenium | ||
+ | |Ru | ||
+ | |44 | ||
+ | |101,07 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,704 | ||
+ | |4,281 | ||
+ | |4,5 | ||
+ | |7,37 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Silber | ||
+ | |Ag | ||
+ | |47 | ||
+ | |107,87 | ||
+ | |fcc | ||
+ | |4,086 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,3 | ||
+ | |7,57 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Tantal | ||
+ | |Ta | ||
+ | |73 | ||
+ | |180,95 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |3,303 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,0 - 4,2 | ||
+ | |7,89 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Titan | ||
+ | |Ti | ||
+ | |2 | ||
+ | |47,90 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,950 | ||
+ | |4,683 | ||
+ | |4,0 - 4,4 | ||
+ | |6,83 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Vanadium | ||
+ | |V | ||
+ | |23 | ||
+ | |50,94 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |3,039 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |3,8 - 4,2 | ||
+ | |6,71 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Bismut | ||
+ | |Bi | ||
+ | |83 | ||
+ | |208,98 | ||
+ | |rhl | ||
+ | |4,746 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,1 - 4,5 | ||
+ | |8,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Wolfram | ||
+ | |W | ||
+ | |74 | ||
+ | |183,85 | ||
+ | |bcc | ||
+ | |3,158 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |4,3 - 5,0 | ||
+ | |7,98 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Zink | ||
+ | |Zn | ||
+ | |30 | ||
+ | |65,37 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |2,665 | ||
+ | |4,947 | ||
+ | |3,1 - 4,3 | ||
+ | |9,39 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Zinn | ||
+ | |Sn | ||
+ | |50 | ||
+ | |118,69 | ||
+ | |tet | ||
+ | |5,831 | ||
+ | |3,181 | ||
+ | |3,6 - 4,1 | ||
+ | |7,33 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Zirconium | ||
+ | |Zr | ||
+ | |40 | ||
+ | |91,22 | ||
+ | |hcp | ||
+ | |3,231 | ||
+ | |5,148 | ||
+ | |3,7 - 4,3 | ||
+ | |6,92 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference1"><sub>1</sub> bei 20°C</div> | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference2"><sub>2</sub> Für rhomboedrische Kristalle wird der Rhomboederwinkel α in Winkelgraden und Minuten angegeben, für orthorhombische Kristalle wird der Parameter β in m x 10<sup>-10</sup> angegeben</div> | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference3"><sub>3</sub> α-Kristall</div> | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference4"><sub>4</sub> bei -50°C</div> | ||
+ | </figtable> | ||
+ | fcc = kubisch-flächenzentriert // bcc = kubisch-körperzentriert // hcp = sechseckig dicht kugelförmig // | ||
+ | ort = orthorhombisch // tet = tetragonal // rhl = rhomboedrisch | ||
+ | <br/> | ||
+ | <br/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <figtable id="tab:Thermische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle"> | ||
+ | <caption>'''Thermische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle'''</caption> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | !Element/Metall | ||
+ | !Spezifische Wärme [[#text-reference5|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[kJ/(K*kg)] | ||
+ | !ErweichungsTemperatur<br/>[°C] | ||
+ | !Schmelzpunkt<br/>[°C] | ||
+ | !Fusionswärme<br/>[kJ/kg] | ||
+ | !Dampfdruck beim Schmelzpunkt<br/>[Pa] | ||
+ | !Siedepunkt<br/>[°C] | ||
+ | !Verdampfungstemperatur<br />[kJ/g] | ||
+ | !Wärmeleitfähigkeit<br/>[W/(m*K)] | ||
+ | !Längenausdehnungskoeffizient<br />[10<sup>-6</sup>m/K] | ||
+ | !Volumenänderung beim Erstarren<br/>[%] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Aluminium | ||
+ | |0,900 | ||
+ | |150 | ||
+ | |660 | ||
+ | |398 | ||
+ | |2,5x10<sup>-6</sup> | ||
+ | |2467 | ||
+ | |10,47 | ||
+ | |237 | ||
+ | |23,6 | ||
+ | | -6,5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Antimon | ||
+ | |0,210 | ||
+ | | | ||
|630 | |630 | ||
− | | | + | |163 |
− | |14,0 | + | |2,5x10<sup>-9</sup> |
− | |9,3 | + | |1587 |
− | | | + | |1,97 |
+ | |24,3 | ||
+ | |10,5 | ||
+ | | +9,5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Beryllium | ||
+ | |1,824 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1277 | ||
+ | |1090 | ||
+ | |4,3 | ||
+ | |2477 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |200 | ||
+ | |12,3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Blei | ||
+ | |0,130 | ||
+ | |200 | ||
+ | |327 | ||
+ | |25 | ||
+ | |4,21x10<sup>-7</sup> | ||
+ | |1750 | ||
+ | |24,70 | ||
+ | |35,3 | ||
+ | |29,3 | ||
+ | | -3,5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cadmium | ||
+ | |0,230 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |321 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |14,8 | ||
+ | |767 | ||
+ | |0,88 | ||
+ | |96,8 | ||
+ | |41,0 | ||
+ | | -4,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Chrom | ||
+ | |0,450 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1857 | ||
+ | |314 | ||
+ | |990 | ||
+ | |2672 | ||
+ | |5,86 | ||
+ | |93,7 | ||
+ | |6,2 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Eisen | ||
+ | |0,444 | ||
+ | |500 | ||
+ | |1537 | ||
+ | |268 | ||
+ | |7,05 | ||
+ | |2750 | ||
+ | |80,2 | ||
+ | |12,2 | ||
+ | | -3,0 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gallium | ||
+ | |0,370 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |29,8 | ||
+ | |80,4 | ||
+ | |9,6x10<sup>-36</sup> | ||
+ | |2204 | ||
+ | |3,90 | ||
+ | |40,6 | ||
+ | |18,0 | ||
+ | | +3,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gold | ||
+ | |0,128 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |1064 | ||
+ | |63 | ||
+ | |2,4x10<sup>-3</sup> | ||
+ | |3080 | ||
+ | |1,55 | ||
+ | |317 | ||
+ | |14,3 | ||
+ | | -5,1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Indium | ||
+ | |0,233 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |157 | ||
+ | |28,5 | ||
+ | |1,5x10<sup>-17</sup> | ||
+ | |2072 | ||
+ | |1,97 | ||
+ | |81,6 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | -2,5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Iridium | ||
+ | |0,130 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |2410 | ||
+ | |144 | ||
+ | |1,5 | ||
+ | |4130 | ||
+ | |3,31 | ||
+ | |147 | ||
+ | |6,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cobalt | ||
+ | |0,420 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1495 | ||
+ | |260 | ||
+ | |175 | ||
+ | |2927 | ||
+ | |6,66 | ||
+ | |100 | ||
+ | |13,8 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kohlenstoff (Graphit) | ||
+ | |0,720 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |3825 sublimiert | ||
+ | |119 - 165 | ||
+ | |155 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kupfer | ||
+ | |0,385 | ||
+ | |190 | ||
+ | |1084 | ||
+ | |205 | ||
+ | |5,2x10<sup>-2</sup> | ||
+ | |2567 | ||
+ | |4,77 | ||
+ | |401 | ||
+ | |16,5 | ||
+ | | -4,2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Magnesium | ||
+ | |1,020 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |650 | ||
+ | |373 | ||
+ | |361 | ||
+ | |1107 | ||
+ | |5,44 | ||
+ | |156 | ||
+ | |26,0 | ||
+ | | -4,1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mangan | ||
+ | |0,480 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1244 | ||
+ | |264 | ||
+ | |121 | ||
+ | |1962 | ||
+ | |4,10 | ||
+ | |7,8 | ||
+ | |23,0 | ||
+ | | -1,7 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Molybdän | ||
+ | |0,250 | ||
+ | |900 | ||
+ | |2623 | ||
+ | |292 | ||
+ | |3,6 | ||
+ | |4639 | ||
+ | |5,61 | ||
+ | |138 | ||
+ | |5,2 | ||
+ | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Nickel |
− | | | + | |0,440 |
− | | | + | |520 |
− | | | + | |1453 |
− | | | + | |301 |
− | | | + | |237 |
− | | | + | |2913 |
+ | |6,45 | ||
+ | |90,7 | ||
|13,0 | |13,0 | ||
− | |9,2 | + | | -2,5 |
− | | | + | |- |
+ | |Niob | ||
+ | |0,272 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |2477 | ||
+ | |289 | ||
+ | |7,9x10<sup>-2</sup> | ||
+ | |4744 | ||
+ | |7,79 | ||
+ | |53,7 | ||
+ | |7,3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Osmium | ||
+ | |0,130 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |3045 | ||
+ | |141 | ||
+ | |2,52 | ||
+ | |5012 | ||
+ | |3,81 | ||
+ | |87,6 | ||
+ | |6,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Palladium | ||
+ | |0,244 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1554 | ||
+ | |143 | ||
+ | |1,33 | ||
+ | |2970 | ||
+ | |3,48 | ||
+ | |71,8 | ||
+ | |11,1 | ||
+ | | -5,5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Platin | ||
+ | |0,130 | ||
+ | |540 | ||
+ | |1772 | ||
+ | |113 | ||
+ | |3,2x10<sup>-2</sup> | ||
+ | |3827 | ||
+ | |2,62 | ||
+ | |71,6 | ||
+ | |9,0 | ||
+ | | -6,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Quecksilber | ||
+ | |0,140 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | -38,9 | ||
+ | |11,7 | ||
+ | |3,1x10<sup>-4</sup> | ||
+ | |357 | ||
+ | |0,29 | ||
+ | |8,34 | ||
+ | |60,8 | ||
+ | | -3,7 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rhenium | ||
+ | |0,137 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |3186 | ||
+ | |178 | ||
+ | |3,24 | ||
+ | |5596 | ||
+ | |3,42 | ||
+ | |72 | ||
+ | |6,7 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rhodium | ||
+ | |0,242 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1966 | ||
+ | |211 | ||
+ | |6,36x10<sup>-1</sup> | ||
+ | |3695 | ||
+ | |5,19 | ||
+ | |150 | ||
+ | |8,5 | ||
+ | | -10,8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ruthenium | ||
+ | |0,238 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |2310 | ||
+ | |252 | ||
+ | |1,4 | ||
+ | |4150 | ||
+ | |6,62 | ||
+ | |117 | ||
+ | |9,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Silber | ||
+ | |0,232 | ||
+ | |180 | ||
+ | |961,9 | ||
+ | |105 | ||
+ | |3,4x10<sup>-1</sup> | ||
+ | |2212 | ||
+ | |2,39 | ||
+ | |429 | ||
+ | |19,5 | ||
+ | | -3,8 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Tantal | ||
+ | |0,140 | ||
+ | |850 | ||
+ | |3017 | ||
+ | |157 | ||
+ | |7,86x10<sup>-1</sup> | ||
+ | |5448 | ||
+ | |4,32 | ||
+ | |57,5 | ||
+ | |6,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Titan | ||
+ | |0,520 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1668 | ||
+ | |403 | ||
+ | |4,9x10<sup>-1</sup> | ||
+ | |2830 | ||
+ | |8,80 | ||
+ | |21,9 | ||
+ | |10,8 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Vanadium | ||
+ | |0,490 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1902 | ||
+ | |330 | ||
+ | |3,06 | ||
+ | |3287 | ||
+ | |10,3 | ||
+ | |30,7 | ||
+ | |8,3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Bismut | ||
+ | |0,122 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |271 | ||
+ | |54 | ||
+ | |6,5x10<sup>-4</sup> | ||
+ | |1564 | ||
+ | |1,43 | ||
+ | |7,87 | ||
+ | |14,0 | ||
+ | | -0,33 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Wolfram |
+ | |0,138 | ||
+ | |1000 | ||
+ | |3422 | ||
+ | |193 | ||
+ | |4,27 | ||
+ | |5555 | ||
+ | |3,98 | ||
+ | |174 | ||
+ | |4,5 | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Zink |
− | | | + | |0,385 |
− | | | + | |170 |
− | | | + | |420 |
− | | | + | |100 |
− | | | + | |3,06 |
− | | | + | |907 |
− | | | + | |1,76 |
− | | | + | |116 |
− | | | + | |36,0 |
+ | | -4,7 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Zinn |
− | | | + | |0,228 |
− | | | + | |100 |
− | | | + | |222 |
− | | | + | |59 |
− | | | + | |6x10<sup>-21</sup> |
− | | | + | |2602 |
− | + | |1,95 | |
− | | | + | |66,6 |
− | | | + | |26,7 |
+ | | -2,8 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Zirconium |
− | | | + | |0,281 |
− | | | + | | |
− | + | |1852 | |
− | | | + | |224 |
− | | | + | |1,7x10<sup>-3</sup> |
− | | | + | |4409 |
− | + | |4,6 | |
− | | | + | |22,7 |
− | | | + | |5,9 |
+ | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |} |
− | + | <div id="text-reference5"><sub>1</sub> bei 20°C</div> | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
</figtable> | </figtable> | ||
+ | <br/> | ||
+ | <br/> | ||
+ | <figtable id="tab:Elektrische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle"> | ||
+ | <caption>'''Elektrische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle'''</caption> | ||
− | + | {| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px" | |
− | < | + | |- |
− | [[ | + | !Element/Metall |
+ | !Spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand [[#text-reference6|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[Ω*mm<sup>2</sup>/m] | ||
+ | !Elektrische Leitfähigkeit[[#text-reference6|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[MS/m] | ||
+ | !Temperaturkoeffizient des<br/>elektrischen Widerstands[[#text-reference7|<sup>2</sup>]]<br/>[10<sup>-3</sup>/K] | ||
+ | !Absolute thermische<br/>e.m.f.[[#text-reference8|<sup>3</sup>]]<br/>[µV/K] | ||
+ | !Kritische Supraleitertemperatur<br/>[K] | ||
+ | !Dämpfungsspannung (gemessen)<br/>[V] | ||
+ | !Schmelzspannung (gemessen)<br/>[V] | ||
+ | !Schmelzspannung (berechnet)[[#text-reference9|<sup>4</sup>]]<br/>[V] | ||
+ | !Mindestlichtbogenspannung<br/>[V] | ||
+ | !Mindestlichtbogenstrom<br />[A] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Aluminium | ||
+ | |2,65 | ||
+ | |37,7 | ||
+ | |4,6 | ||
+ | | -1,6 | ||
+ | |1,18 | ||
+ | |0,1 | ||
+ | |0,3 | ||
+ | |0,29 | ||
+ | |11,2 | ||
+ | |0,4 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Antimon | ||
+ | |38,6 | ||
+ | |2,6 | ||
+ | |5,4 | ||
+ | | +20,6 - +46,8 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,2 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,28 | ||
+ | |10,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Beryllium | ||
+ | |4,2 | ||
+ | |23,8 | ||
+ | |10,0 | ||
+ | | -3,3 | ||
+ | |0,026 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,48 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Blei | ||
+ | |19,2 | ||
+ | |5,2 | ||
+ | |4,2 | ||
+ | | -1,2 | ||
+ | |7,196 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,19 | ||
+ | |0,17 | ||
+ | |11,5 | ||
+ | |0,1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cadmium | ||
+ | |7,50 | ||
+ | |13,30 | ||
+ | |4,3 | ||
+ | | -0,1 - +3,6 | ||
+ | |0,52 | ||
+ | |0,12 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,17 | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | |0,4 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Chrom | ||
+ | |14,95 | ||
+ | |6,7 | ||
+ | |3,0 | ||
+ | | +14,0 | ||
+ | |3,0 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,67 | ||
+ | |16 | ||
+ | |0,45 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Eisen | ||
+ | |9,72 | ||
+ | |10,3 | ||
+ | |6,6 | ||
+ | | +16,0 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,19 | ||
+ | |0,6 | ||
+ | |0,54 | ||
+ | |11,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gallium | ||
+ | |43,2 | ||
+ | |2,3 | ||
+ | |4,0 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1,08 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,04 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,35 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Gold | ||
+ | |2,35 | ||
+ | |42,6 | ||
+ | |4,0 | ||
+ | | +1,7 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,08 | ||
+ | |0,43 | ||
+ | |0,42 | ||
+ | |15 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Indium | ||
+ | |8,37 | ||
+ | |11,94 | ||
+ | |4,9 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |3,41 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,11 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Iridium | ||
+ | |5,31 | ||
+ | |18,83 | ||
+ | |4,1 | ||
+ | | +1,5 | ||
+ | |0,11 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,86 | ||
+ | |11,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Cobalt | ||
+ | |6,24 | ||
+ | |16,0 | ||
+ | |6,6 | ||
+ | | -18,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,54 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,01 - 0,02 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kohlenstoff (Graphit) | ||
+ | |30,0 | ||
+ | |3,33 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |20 | ||
+ | |0,4 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Kupfer | ||
+ | |1,67 | ||
+ | |59,9 | ||
+ | |4,3 | ||
+ | | +1,7 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,12 | ||
+ | |0,43 | ||
+ | |0,42 | ||
+ | |12 - 13 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Magnesium | ||
+ | |4,42 | ||
+ | |22,62 | ||
+ | |4,2 | ||
+ | | +3,4 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,28 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Mangan | ||
+ | |185,0 | ||
+ | |0,54 | ||
+ | |0,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,47 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,75 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Molybdän | ||
+ | |5,20 | ||
+ | |19,2 | ||
+ | |4,7 | ||
+ | | +5,9 | ||
+ | |0,92 | ||
+ | |0,3 | ||
+ | |0,75 | ||
+ | |0,91 | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | |0,4 -0,5 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Nickel | ||
+ | |6,85 | ||
+ | |14,6 | ||
+ | |6,8 | ||
+ | | -18,9 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,16 | ||
+ | |0,65 | ||
+ | |0,54 | ||
+ | |14 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Niob | ||
+ | |13,1 | ||
+ | |7,6 | ||
+ | |3,4 | ||
+ | | -0,5 | ||
+ | |9,2 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,778 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Osmium | ||
+ | |8,12 | ||
+ | |12,31 | ||
+ | |4,2 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,66 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1,04 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,8 -0,9 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Palladium | ||
+ | |10,82 | ||
+ | |9,24 | ||
+ | |3,8 | ||
+ | | -0,9 | ||
+ | |3,3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,57 | ||
+ | |0,57 | ||
+ | |15 - 16 | ||
+ | |0,8 -1,0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Platin | ||
+ | |10,54 | ||
+ | |9,58 | ||
+ | |3,9 | ||
+ | | -4,4 | ||
+ | |0,0019 | ||
+ | |0,25 | ||
+ | |0,71 | ||
+ | |0,64 | ||
+ | |17 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Quecksilber | ||
+ | |94,9 | ||
+ | |1,14 | ||
+ | |1,0 | ||
+ | | +8,5 | ||
+ | |4,15 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,35 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rhenium | ||
+ | |19,3 | ||
+ | |5,2 | ||
+ | |4,6 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1,7 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1,09 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Rhodium | ||
+ | |4,51 | ||
+ | |22,2 | ||
+ | |4,4 | ||
+ | | +1,7 | ||
+ | |0,000325 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,70 | ||
+ | |14 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Ruthenium | ||
+ | |7,62 | ||
+ | |13,12 | ||
+ | |4,6 | ||
+ | | -18,0 | ||
+ | |0,49 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,81 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,4 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Silber | ||
+ | |1,59 | ||
+ | |62,9 | ||
+ | |4,3 | ||
+ | | +1,4 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,09 | ||
+ | |0,37 | ||
+ | |0,38 | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Tantal | ||
+ | |12,4 | ||
+ | |8,1 | ||
+ | |3,5 | ||
+ | | -2,3 | ||
+ | |4,47 | ||
+ | |0,3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |1,03 | ||
+ | |12 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Titan | ||
+ | |43,5 | ||
+ | |2,3 | ||
+ | |5,5 | ||
+ | | +7,3 | ||
+ | |0,4 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,61 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Vanadium | ||
+ | |26,0 | ||
+ | |3,8 | ||
+ | |3,9 | ||
+ | | +1,0 | ||
+ | |5,3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,68 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Bismut | ||
+ | |12,1 | ||
+ | |8,36 | ||
+ | |4,5 | ||
+ | | -53 - -110 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,15 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Wolfram | ||
+ | |5,65 | ||
+ | |17,7 | ||
+ | |4,8 | ||
+ | | +0,8 | ||
+ | |0,0154 | ||
+ | |1,1 | ||
+ | |1,16 | ||
+ | |1,16 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,8 - 1,2 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Zink | ||
+ | |5,92 | ||
+ | |16,9 | ||
+ | |4,2 | ||
+ | | +0,4 - +2,3 | ||
+ | |0,85 | ||
+ | |0,17 | ||
+ | |0,2 | ||
+ | |0,20 | ||
+ | |15 - 16 | ||
+ | |0,1 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Zinn | ||
+ | |11,0 | ||
+ | |9,09 | ||
+ | |4,6 | ||
+ | | -0,6 - -1,5 | ||
+ | |3,72 | ||
+ | |0,13 | ||
+ | |0,14 | ||
+ | |0,14 | ||
+ | |11 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Zirconium | ||
+ | |43,5 | ||
+ | |2,3 | ||
+ | |4,4 | ||
+ | | +9,5 | ||
+ | |0,55 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |0,67 | ||
+ | |0,67 | ||
+ | |12,5 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference6"><sub>1</sub> bei 20°C</div> | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference7"><sub>2</sub> Nah an Raumtemperatur</div> | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference8"><sub>3</sub> Nah an Raumtemperatur, jedoch können die Werte für Metalle mit nicht kubischer Struktur stark variieren</div> | ||
+ | <div id="text-reference9"><sub>4</sub> Berechnet mit U<sub>Melt</sub> = [4L * (T<sup>2</sup><sub>Melt</sub> - T<sup>2</sup><sub>0</sub>)]<sup>1/2</sup> mit | ||
+ | U<sub>Melt</sub>= Schmelzspannung, L = Lorenz Konstante (2,45x10<sup>-8</sup>[V/K], T<sub>Melt</sub>= Schmelztemperatur, T<sub>0</sub>= Temperatur an einem von der Einschnürungsstelle entfernten Punkt</div> | ||
</figtable> | </figtable> | ||
− | + | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
===Referenzen=== | ===Referenzen=== | ||
Latest revision as of 08:08, 20 December 2022
In den nachfolgenden Tabellen sind die physikalischen Eigenschaften der gebräuchlichen
reinen Metalle sowie von Kohlenstoff aufgeführt (Tab. 1 - Tab. 4). Die
Werte können je nach Reinheitsgrad u. U. stark schwanken, teilweise sind sie
auch schwierig zu bestimmen und daher mit Unsicherheiten behaftet. Bei der
Zusammenstellung der Tabellen wurde versucht, aus den Angaben in der Literatur
diejenigen Werte auszuwählen, die als die wahrscheinlichsten anzusehen
sind. Einige Eigenschaften sind anisotrop, d.h. ihre Werte variieren je nach Kristallorientierung.
In solchen Fällen wurden - wenn möglich - die Werte für Vielkristalle
angegeben.
Element/Metall | Dichte 1
[g/cm³] |
Elastizitätsmodul 1[GPa] | Schubmodul
[GPa] |
Querkontraktionszahl |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminium | 2.70 | 65 | 27 | 0.34 |
Antimon | 6.62 | 56 | 20.4 | 0.28 |
Beryllium | 1.85 | 298 | 150 | 0.12 |
Blei | 11.36 | 14.5 | 6 | 0.44 |
Cadmium | 8.65 | 57.5 | 29 | 0.30 |
Chrom | 7.19 | 160 | 0.25 | |
Eisen | 7.89 | 208 | 83 | 0.28 |
Gallium | 5.91 | 9.6 | 0.46 | |
Gold | 19.32 | 79 | 28 | 0.42 |
Indium | 7.31 | 11 | 0.45 | |
Iridium | 22.65 | 538 | 214 | 0.26 |
Kobalt | 8.85 | 216 | 0.31 | |
Kohlenstoff (Grafit) | 2.1-2.3 | 5 | ||
Kupfer | 8.95 | 115 | 48 | 0.34 |
Magnesium | 1.74 | 46 | 18 | 0.28 |
Mangan | 7.43 | 165 | 77 | 0.24 |
Molybdän | 10.21 | 347 | 122 | 0.30 |
Nickel | 8.90 | 216 | 83 | 0.31 |
Niob | 8.57 | 113 | 39 | 0.38 |
Osmium | 22.61 | 570 | 220 | 0.25 |
Palladium | 12.02 | 124 | 51 | 0.39 |
Platin | 21.45 | 173 | 67 | 0.39 |
Quecksilber | 13.55 | |||
Rhenium | 21.04 | 480 | 215 | 0.26 |
Rhodium | 12.41 | 386 | 153 | 0.26 |
Ruthenium | 12.45 | 485 | 172 | 0.29 |
Silber | 10.49 | 82 | 27 | 0.37 |
Tantal | 16.60 | 188 | 70 | 0.35 |
Titan | 4.51 | 120 | 43 | 0.34 |
Vanadium | 6.10 | 136 | 52 | 0.36 |
Wismut | 9.80 | 33 | 13 | 0.33 |
Wolfram | 19.32 | 360 | 158 | 0.30 |
Zink | 7.13 | 96 | 36 | 0.29 |
Zinn | 7.30 | 47 | 18 | 0.33 |
Zirkonium | 6.49 | 98 | 36 | 0.33 |
Element/Metall | Chemisches Symbol |
Ordnungszahl | Atommasse | Kristallstruktur 1 | Gitterparameter 1 a oder b 2 [1010m] |
Gitterparameter 1 a oder b 2 [10-10m] |
Arbeitsleistung [eV] |
Ionisierungspotenzial [eV] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminium | Al | 13 | 26,98 | foc | 4,049 | 4,08 - 4,3 | 5,98 | |
Antimon | Sb | 51 | 121,75 | rhl | 4,507 | 4,1 | 8,64 | |
Beryllium | Be | 4 | 9,01 | hcp | 2,286 | 3,584 | 3,2 - 3,9 | 9,32 |
Blei | Pb | 87 | 207,19 | fcc | 4,949 | 4,0 - 4,1 | 7,42 | |
Cadmium | Cd | 48 | 112,40 | hcp | 2,979 | 5,617 | 3,7 - 4,1 | 8,99 |
Chrom | Cr | 24 | 52,00 | bcc | 2,884 | 4,4 - 4,7 | 6,76 | |
Eisen | Fe | 26 | 55,85 | bcc | 2,866 | 4,1 - 4,5 | 7,9 | |
Gallium | Ga | 31 | 69,72 | ort | 4,524 | 7,661 | 3,8 - 4,1 | 6,0 |
Gold | Au | 79 | 196,97 | fcc | 4,078 | 4,3 - 5,1 | 9,22 | |
Indium | In | 49 | 114,82 | tet | 4,594 | 4,951 | 4,0 | 5,79 |
Iridium | Ir | 77 | 192,20 | fcc | 3,839 | 4,6 - 5,3 | 9,1 | |
Kobalt | Co | 27 | 58,93 | hcp | 2,507 | 4,069 | 4,4 - 4,6 | 7,86 |
Kohlenstoff (Graphit) | C | 6 | 12,01 | hcp-Schichtgitter3 | 2,456 | 6,696 | 4,8 | 11,27 |
Kupfer | Cu | 29 | 63,54 | fcc | 3,615 | 4,4 | 7,72 | |
Magnesium | Mg | 12 | 24,31 | hcp | 3,209 | 5,210 | 3,7 | 7,64 |
Mangan | Mn | 25 | 54,94 | kubisch-komplex | 8,912 | 3,8 - 4,1 | 6,0 | |
Molybdän | Mo | 42 | 95,94 | bcc | 3,147 | 4,1 - 4,5 | 7,18 | |
Nickel | Ni | 28 | 58,71 | fcc | 3,524 | 5,0 - 5,2 | 7,63 | |
Niob | Nb | 41 | 92,91 | bcc | 3,301 | 4,0 | 6,77 | |
Osmium | Os | 76 | 190,23 | hcp | 2,734 | 4,320 | 4,5 | 8,7 |
Palladium | Pd | 46 | 106,40 | fcc | 3,890 | 4,5 - 5,0 | 8,34 | |
Platin | Pt | 78 | 195,09 | fcc | 3,931 | 4,1 - 5,5 | 9,0 | |
Quecksilber | Hg | 80 | 200,59 | rhl4 | 3,0614 | 4,5 | 10,44 | |
Rhenium | Re | 75 | 186,20 | hcp | 2,760 | 4,458 | 4,7 - 5,0 | 7,8 |
Rhodium | Rh | 45 | 102,91 | fcc | 3,804 | 4,6 - 4,9 | 7,46 | |
Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | 101,07 | hcp | 2,704 | 4,281 | 4,5 | 7,37 |
Silber | Ag | 47 | 107,87 | fcc | 4,086 | 4,3 | 7,57 | |
Tantal | Ta | 73 | 180,95 | bcc | 3,303 | 4,0 - 4,2 | 7,89 | |
Titan | Ti | 2 | 47,90 | hcp | 2,950 | 4,683 | 4,0 - 4,4 | 6,83 |
Vanadium | V | 23 | 50,94 | bcc | 3,039 | 3,8 - 4,2 | 6,71 | |
Bismut | Bi | 83 | 208,98 | rhl | 4,746 | 4,1 - 4,5 | 8,0 | |
Wolfram | W | 74 | 183,85 | bcc | 3,158 | 4,3 - 5,0 | 7,98 | |
Zink | Zn | 30 | 65,37 | hcp | 2,665 | 4,947 | 3,1 - 4,3 | 9,39 |
Zinn | Sn | 50 | 118,69 | tet | 5,831 | 3,181 | 3,6 - 4,1 | 7,33 |
Zirconium | Zr | 40 | 91,22 | hcp | 3,231 | 5,148 | 3,7 - 4,3 | 6,92 |
fcc = kubisch-flächenzentriert // bcc = kubisch-körperzentriert // hcp = sechseckig dicht kugelförmig //
ort = orthorhombisch // tet = tetragonal // rhl = rhomboedrisch
Element/Metall | Spezifische Wärme 1 [kJ/(K*kg)] |
ErweichungsTemperatur [°C] |
Schmelzpunkt [°C] |
Fusionswärme [kJ/kg] |
Dampfdruck beim Schmelzpunkt [Pa] |
Siedepunkt [°C] |
Verdampfungstemperatur [kJ/g] |
Wärmeleitfähigkeit [W/(m*K)] |
Längenausdehnungskoeffizient [10-6m/K] |
Volumenänderung beim Erstarren [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminium | 0,900 | 150 | 660 | 398 | 2,5x10-6 | 2467 | 10,47 | 237 | 23,6 | -6,5 |
Antimon | 0,210 | 630 | 163 | 2,5x10-9 | 1587 | 1,97 | 24,3 | 10,5 | +9,5 | |
Beryllium | 1,824 | 1277 | 1090 | 4,3 | 2477 | 200 | 12,3 | |||
Blei | 0,130 | 200 | 327 | 25 | 4,21x10-7 | 1750 | 24,70 | 35,3 | 29,3 | -3,5 |
Cadmium | 0,230 | 321 | 54 | 14,8 | 767 | 0,88 | 96,8 | 41,0 | -4,0 | |
Chrom | 0,450 | 1857 | 314 | 990 | 2672 | 5,86 | 93,7 | 6,2 | ||
Eisen | 0,444 | 500 | 1537 | 268 | 7,05 | 2750 | 80,2 | 12,2 | -3,0 | |
Gallium | 0,370 | 29,8 | 80,4 | 9,6x10-36 | 2204 | 3,90 | 40,6 | 18,0 | +3,0 | |
Gold | 0,128 | 100 | 1064 | 63 | 2,4x10-3 | 3080 | 1,55 | 317 | 14,3 | -5,1 |
Indium | 0,233 | 157 | 28,5 | 1,5x10-17 | 2072 | 1,97 | 81,6 | -2,5 | ||
Iridium | 0,130 | 2410 | 144 | 1,5 | 4130 | 3,31 | 147 | 6,5 | ||
Cobalt | 0,420 | 1495 | 260 | 175 | 2927 | 6,66 | 100 | 13,8 | ||
Kohlenstoff (Graphit) | 0,720 | 3825 sublimiert | 119 - 165 | 155 | ||||||
Kupfer | 0,385 | 190 | 1084 | 205 | 5,2x10-2 | 2567 | 4,77 | 401 | 16,5 | -4,2 |
Magnesium | 1,020 | 650 | 373 | 361 | 1107 | 5,44 | 156 | 26,0 | -4,1 | |
Mangan | 0,480 | 1244 | 264 | 121 | 1962 | 4,10 | 7,8 | 23,0 | -1,7 | |
Molybdän | 0,250 | 900 | 2623 | 292 | 3,6 | 4639 | 5,61 | 138 | 5,2 | |
Nickel | 0,440 | 520 | 1453 | 301 | 237 | 2913 | 6,45 | 90,7 | 13,0 | -2,5 |
Niob | 0,272 | 2477 | 289 | 7,9x10-2 | 4744 | 7,79 | 53,7 | 7,3 | ||
Osmium | 0,130 | 3045 | 141 | 2,52 | 5012 | 3,81 | 87,6 | 6,5 | ||
Palladium | 0,244 | 1554 | 143 | 1,33 | 2970 | 3,48 | 71,8 | 11,1 | -5,5 | |
Platin | 0,130 | 540 | 1772 | 113 | 3,2x10-2 | 3827 | 2,62 | 71,6 | 9,0 | -6,0 |
Quecksilber | 0,140 | -38,9 | 11,7 | 3,1x10-4 | 357 | 0,29 | 8,34 | 60,8 | -3,7 | |
Rhenium | 0,137 | 3186 | 178 | 3,24 | 5596 | 3,42 | 72 | 6,7 | ||
Rhodium | 0,242 | 1966 | 211 | 6,36x10-1 | 3695 | 5,19 | 150 | 8,5 | -10,8 | |
Ruthenium | 0,238 | 2310 | 252 | 1,4 | 4150 | 6,62 | 117 | 9,5 | ||
Silber | 0,232 | 180 | 961,9 | 105 | 3,4x10-1 | 2212 | 2,39 | 429 | 19,5 | -3,8 |
Tantal | 0,140 | 850 | 3017 | 157 | 7,86x10-1 | 5448 | 4,32 | 57,5 | 6,5 | |
Titan | 0,520 | 1668 | 403 | 4,9x10-1 | 2830 | 8,80 | 21,9 | 10,8 | ||
Vanadium | 0,490 | 1902 | 330 | 3,06 | 3287 | 10,3 | 30,7 | 8,3 | ||
Bismut | 0,122 | 271 | 54 | 6,5x10-4 | 1564 | 1,43 | 7,87 | 14,0 | -0,33 | |
Wolfram | 0,138 | 1000 | 3422 | 193 | 4,27 | 5555 | 3,98 | 174 | 4,5 | |
Zink | 0,385 | 170 | 420 | 100 | 3,06 | 907 | 1,76 | 116 | 36,0 | -4,7 |
Zinn | 0,228 | 100 | 222 | 59 | 6x10-21 | 2602 | 1,95 | 66,6 | 26,7 | -2,8 |
Zirconium | 0,281 | 1852 | 224 | 1,7x10-3 | 4409 | 4,6 | 22,7 | 5,9 |
Element/Metall | Spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand 1 [Ω*mm2/m] |
Elektrische Leitfähigkeit1 [MS/m] |
Temperaturkoeffizient des elektrischen Widerstands2 [10-3/K] |
Absolute thermische e.m.f.3 [µV/K] |
Kritische Supraleitertemperatur [K] |
Dämpfungsspannung (gemessen) [V] |
Schmelzspannung (gemessen) [V] |
Schmelzspannung (berechnet)4 [V] |
Mindestlichtbogenspannung [V] |
Mindestlichtbogenstrom [A] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminium | 2,65 | 37,7 | 4,6 | -1,6 | 1,18 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 0,29 | 11,2 | 0,4 |
Antimon | 38,6 | 2,6 | 5,4 | +20,6 - +46,8 | 0,2 | 0,28 | 10,5 | |||
Beryllium | 4,2 | 23,8 | 10,0 | -3,3 | 0,026 | 0,48 | ||||
Blei | 19,2 | 5,2 | 4,2 | -1,2 | 7,196 | 0,19 | 0,17 | 11,5 | 0,1 | |
Cadmium | 7,50 | 13,30 | 4,3 | -0,1 - +3,6 | 0,52 | 0,12 | 0,17 | 12 | 0,4 | |
Chrom | 14,95 | 6,7 | 3,0 | +14,0 | 3,0 | 0,67 | 16 | 0,45 | ||
Eisen | 9,72 | 10,3 | 6,6 | +16,0 | 0,19 | 0,6 | 0,54 | 11,5 | ||
Gallium | 43,2 | 2,3 | 4,0 | 1,08 | 0,04 | 0,35 | ||||
Gold | 2,35 | 42,6 | 4,0 | +1,7 | 0,08 | 0,43 | 0,42 | 15 | ||
Indium | 8,37 | 11,94 | 4,9 | 3,41 | 0,11 | |||||
Iridium | 5,31 | 18,83 | 4,1 | +1,5 | 0,11 | 0,86 | 11,5 | |||
Cobalt | 6,24 | 16,0 | 6,6 | -18,5 | 0,54 | 0,01 - 0,02 | ||||
Kohlenstoff (Graphit) | 30,0 | 3,33 | 20 | 0,4 | ||||||
Kupfer | 1,67 | 59,9 | 4,3 | +1,7 | 0,12 | 0,43 | 0,42 | 12 - 13 | ||
Magnesium | 4,42 | 22,62 | 4,2 | +3,4 | 0,28 | |||||
Mangan | 185,0 | 0,54 | 0,5 | 0,47 | 0,75 | |||||
Molybdän | 5,20 | 19,2 | 4,7 | +5,9 | 0,92 | 0,3 | 0,75 | 0,91 | 12 | 0,4 -0,5 |
Nickel | 6,85 | 14,6 | 6,8 | -18,9 | 0,16 | 0,65 | 0,54 | 14 | ||
Niob | 13,1 | 7,6 | 3,4 | -0,5 | 9,2 | 0,778 | ||||
Osmium | 8,12 | 12,31 | 4,2 | 0,66 | 1,04 | 0,8 -0,9 | ||||
Palladium | 10,82 | 9,24 | 3,8 | -0,9 | 3,3 | 0,57 | 0,57 | 15 - 16 | 0,8 -1,0 | |
Platin | 10,54 | 9,58 | 3,9 | -4,4 | 0,0019 | 0,25 | 0,71 | 0,64 | 17 | |
Quecksilber | 94,9 | 1,14 | 1,0 | +8,5 | 4,15 | 0,35 | ||||
Rhenium | 19,3 | 5,2 | 4,6 | 1,7 | 1,09 | |||||
Rhodium | 4,51 | 22,2 | 4,4 | +1,7 | 0,000325 | 0,70 | 14 | |||
Ruthenium | 7,62 | 13,12 | 4,6 | -18,0 | 0,49 | 0,81 | 0,4 | |||
Silber | 1,59 | 62,9 | 4,3 | +1,4 | 0,09 | 0,37 | 0,38 | 12 | ||
Tantal | 12,4 | 8,1 | 3,5 | -2,3 | 4,47 | 0,3 | 1,03 | 12 | ||
Titan | 43,5 | 2,3 | 5,5 | +7,3 | 0,4 | 0,61 | ||||
Vanadium | 26,0 | 3,8 | 3,9 | +1,0 | 5,3 | 0,68 | ||||
Bismut | 12,1 | 8,36 | 4,5 | -53 - -110 | 0,15 | |||||
Wolfram | 5,65 | 17,7 | 4,8 | +0,8 | 0,0154 | 1,1 | 1,16 | 1,16 | 0,8 - 1,2 | |
Zink | 5,92 | 16,9 | 4,2 | +0,4 - +2,3 | 0,85 | 0,17 | 0,2 | 0,20 | 15 - 16 | 0,1 |
Zinn | 11,0 | 9,09 | 4,6 | -0,6 - -1,5 | 3,72 | 0,13 | 0,14 | 0,14 | 11 | |
Zirconium | 43,5 | 2,3 | 4,4 | +9,5 | 0,55 | 0,67 | 0,67 | 12,5 |
Referenzen
Metals Handbook, Desk Edition: Chicago, IL, American Society of Metal, 1985
Landolt-Börnstein: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, 1959
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 70th Edition: CRC Press., Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, 1989 - 1990
Fluck, E.; Heumann, K., G.: Periodensystem der Elemente. Weinheim: VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986
Kieffer, R.; Jangg, G.; Ettmayer, P.: Sondermetalle. Springer- Verlag, Wien-New York, 1963
Hering, E.; Schulz, W.: Physik für Ingenieure (Periodensystem der Elemente). Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 1988
Degussa AG (Hrsg.): Edelmetall-Taschenbuch. Hüthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995
Slade, P.; G. (editor): Electrical Contacts Principles and Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel, 1999
Gerritsen, A.; N.: Metallic Conductivity in: Flügge, S.: Handbuch der Physik, Bd. 19, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, 1956
Köster, W.; Franz, H.: Poisson,s Ratio for Metals and Alloys. Metallurg. Reviews 6 (1961)
Nesmeyanow, A., N.: Vapor Pressure of the Chemical Elements: Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York, 1963
Wyckoff, R., W., G.: Crystal Structures. Vol 1,New York, 1963