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The following tables list the physical properties of the most technically significant pure metals as well as carbon. The values given may vary considerably, depending on the degree of purity and sometimes they are also difficult to determine. In compiling the data from the available literature, we selected those that are currently the most probable. Some properties are anisotropic and vary with the crystalline structure of the metal.</onlyinclude> In those cases, we listed the value applicable to the poly-crystalline stage. <br>
+
The following tables list the physical properties of the most technically significant pure metals as well as carbon. The values given may vary considerably depending on the degree of purity and sometimes they are also difficult to determine. In compiling the data from the available literature we selected those that are currently the most probable. Some properties are anisotropic and vary with the crystalline structure of the metal.</onlyinclude> In those cases, whenever possible, we listed the value applicable to the poly-crystalline stage. <br>
  
 
<figtable id="tab:Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals">
 
<figtable id="tab:Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals">
<caption>'''Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals'''</caption>
+
'''Tab. Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals'''
  
 
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
 
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
Line 13: Line 13:
 
!Shear Modulus
 
!Shear Modulus
 
[GPa]
 
[GPa]
!Transvers Contraction Coeffic.
+
!Transvers ContractionCoeffic.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Aluminum  
 
|Aluminum  
Line 226: Line 226:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
</figtable>
 
<div id="text-reference"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div>
 
<div id="text-reference"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div>
</figtable>
 
<br/>
 
<br/>
 
<figtable id="tab:Atomic properties of the most important metals">
 
<caption>'''Atomic properties of the most important metals'''</caption>
 
 
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
 
|-
 
!Element/Metal
 
!Chemical<br/>Symbol
 
!Atomic Number
 
!Atomic Weight
 
!Crystal Structure [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]
 
!Lattic Parameters [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]<br />a or b [[#text-reference2|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>10</sup>m]
 
!Lattic Parameters [[#text-reference1|<sup>1</sup>]]<br />a or b [[#text-reference2|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>-10</sup>m]
 
!Work Function<br />[eV]
 
!Ionization Potential<br/>[eV]
 
|-
 
|Aluminum
 
|Al
 
|13
 
|26,98
 
|foc
 
|4,049
 
|
 
|4,08 - 4,3
 
|5,98
 
|-
 
|Antimony
 
|Sb
 
|51
 
|121,75
 
|rhl
 
|4,507
 
|
 
|4,1
 
|8,64
 
|-
 
|Beryllium
 
|Be
 
|4
 
|9,01
 
|hcp
 
|2,286
 
|3,584
 
|3,2 - 3,9
 
|9,32
 
|-
 
|Lead
 
|Pb
 
|87
 
|207,19
 
|fcc
 
|4,949
 
|
 
|4,0 - 4,1
 
|7,42
 
|-
 
|Cadmium
 
|Cd
 
|48
 
|112,40
 
|hcp
 
|2,979
 
|5,617
 
|3,7 - 4,1
 
|8,99
 
|-
 
|Chromium
 
|Cr
 
|24
 
|52,00
 
|bcc
 
|2,884
 
|
 
|4,4 - 4,7
 
|6,76
 
|-
 
|Iron
 
|Fe
 
|26
 
|55,85
 
|bcc
 
|2,866
 
|
 
|4,1 - 4,5
 
|7,9
 
|-
 
|Gallium
 
|Ga
 
|31
 
|69,72
 
|ort
 
|4,524
 
|7,661
 
|3,8 - 4,1
 
|6,0
 
|-
 
|Gold
 
|Au
 
|79
 
|196,97
 
|fcc
 
|4,078
 
|
 
|4,3 - 5,1
 
|9,22
 
|-
 
|Indium
 
|In
 
|49
 
|114,82
 
|tet
 
|4,594
 
|4,951
 
|4,0
 
|5,79
 
|-
 
|Iridium
 
|Ir
 
|77
 
|192,20
 
|fcc
 
|3,839
 
|
 
|4,6 - 5,3
 
|9,1
 
|-
 
|Cobalt
 
|Co
 
|27
 
|58,93
 
|hcp
 
|2,507
 
|4,069
 
|4,4 - 4,6
 
|7,86
 
|-
 
|Carbon (Graphite)
 
|C
 
|6
 
|12,01
 
|hcp-layered lattic[[#text-reference3|<sup>3</sup>]]
 
|2,456
 
|6,696
 
|4,8
 
|11,27
 
|-
 
|Copper
 
|Cu
 
|29
 
|63,54
 
|fcc
 
|3,615
 
|
 
|4,4
 
|7,72
 
|-
 
|Magnesium
 
|Mg
 
|12
 
|24,31
 
|hcp
 
|3,209
 
|5,210
 
|3,7
 
|7,64
 
|-
 
|Manganese
 
|Mn
 
|25
 
|54,94
 
|complex cubic
 
|8,912
 
|
 
|3,8 - 4,1
 
|6,0
 
|-
 
|Molybdenum
 
|Mo
 
|42
 
|95,94
 
|bcc
 
|3,147
 
|
 
|4,1 - 4,5
 
|7,18
 
|-
 
|Nickel
 
|Ni
 
|28
 
|58,71
 
|fcc
 
|3,524
 
|
 
|5,0 - 5,2
 
|7,63
 
|-
 
|Niobium
 
|Nb
 
|41
 
|92,91
 
|bcc
 
|3,301
 
|
 
|4,0
 
|6,77
 
|-
 
|Osmium
 
|Os
 
|76
 
|190,23
 
|hcp
 
|2,734
 
|4,320
 
|4,5
 
|8,7
 
|-
 
|Palladium
 
|Pd
 
|46
 
|106,40
 
|fcc
 
|3,890
 
|
 
|4,5 - 5,0
 
|8,34
 
|-
 
|Platinum
 
|Pt
 
|78
 
|195,09
 
|fcc
 
|3,931
 
|
 
|4,1 - 5,5
 
|9,0
 
|-
 
|Mercury
 
|Hg
 
|80
 
|200,59
 
|rhl[[#text-reference4|<sup>4</sup>]]
 
|3,061[[#text-reference4|<sup>4</sup>]]
 
|
 
|4,5
 
|10,44
 
|-
 
|Rhenium
 
|Re
 
|75
 
|186,20
 
|hcp
 
|2,760
 
|4,458
 
|4,7 - 5,0
 
|7,8
 
|-
 
|Rhodium
 
|Rh
 
|45
 
|102,91
 
|fcc
 
|3,804
 
|
 
|4,6 - 4,9
 
|7,46
 
|-
 
|Ruthenium
 
|Ru
 
|44
 
|101,07
 
|hcp
 
|2,704
 
|4,281
 
|4,5
 
|7,37
 
|-
 
|Silver
 
|Ag
 
|47
 
|107,87
 
|fcc
 
|4,086
 
|
 
|4,3
 
|7,57
 
|-
 
|Tantalum
 
|Ta
 
|73
 
|180,95
 
|bcc
 
|3,303
 
|
 
|4,0 - 4,2
 
|7,89
 
|-
 
|Titanium
 
|Ti
 
|2
 
|47,90
 
|hcp
 
|2,950
 
|4,683
 
|4,0 - 4,4
 
|6,83
 
|-
 
|Vanadium
 
|V
 
|23
 
|50,94
 
|bcc
 
|3,039
 
|
 
|3,8 - 4,2
 
|6,71
 
|-
 
|Bismuth
 
|Bi
 
|83
 
|208,98
 
|rhl
 
|4,746
 
|
 
|4,1 - 4,5
 
|8,0
 
|-
 
|Tungsten
 
|W
 
|74
 
|183,85
 
|bcc
 
|3,158
 
|
 
|4,3 - 5,0
 
|7,98
 
|-
 
|Zinc
 
|Zn
 
|30
 
|65,37
 
|hcp
 
|2,665
 
|4,947
 
|3,1 - 4,3
 
|9,39
 
|-
 
|Tin
 
|Sn
 
|50
 
|118,69
 
|tet
 
|5,831
 
|3,181
 
|3,6 - 4,1
 
|7,33
 
|-
 
|Zirconium
 
|Zr
 
|40
 
|91,22
 
|hcp
 
|3,231
 
|5,148
 
|3,7 - 4,3
 
|6,92
 
|-
 
|}
 
<div id="text-reference1"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div>
 
<div id="text-reference2"><sub>2</sub> for rhombohedral crystals, the rhombohedra angle α is given in angle degrees and minutes; for orthorhombic crystals the parameter β is shown in m x 10<sup>-10</sup></div>
 
<div id="text-reference3"><sub>3</sub> α-crystal</div>
 
<div id="text-reference4"><sub>4</sub> at -50°C</div>
 
</figtable>
 
fcc = cubic face cenered // bcc = cubic body centered // hcp = hexagonal dense spherical
 
ort = orthorhombic  //  tet = tetragonal  //  rhl = rhombohedral 
 
<br/>
 
<br/>
 
<figtable id="tab:Thermal properties of the most important metals">
 
<caption>'''Thermal properties of the most important metals'''</caption>
 
  
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
+
'''Tab. Atomic Properties of the Most Important Metals'''
|-
 
!Element/Metal
 
!Specific Heat [[#text-reference5|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[kJ/(K*kg)]
 
!Softening<br/>Temperature<br/>[°C]
 
!Melting Point<br/>[°C]
 
!Heat of Fusion<br/>[kJ/kg]
 
!Vapor Pressure<br/>at Melting Point<br/>[Pa]
 
!Boiling Point<br/>[°C]
 
!Heat of Vaporizing<br />[kJ/g]
 
!Thermal<br/>Conductivity<br/>[W/(m*K)]
 
!Linear Expansion<br/>Coefficient[[#text-reference6|<sup>2</sup>]]<br />[10<sup>-6</sup>m/K]
 
!Volume Change at<br/>Solidification<br/>[%]
 
|-
 
|Aluminum
 
|0,900
 
|150
 
|660
 
|398
 
|2,5x10<sup>-6</sup>
 
|2467
 
|10,47
 
|237
 
|23,6
 
| -6,5
 
|-
 
|Antimony
 
|0,210
 
|
 
|630
 
|163
 
|2,5x10<sup>-9</sup>
 
|1587
 
|1,97
 
|24,3
 
|10,5
 
| +9,5
 
|-
 
|Beryllium
 
|1,824
 
|
 
|1277
 
|1090
 
|4,3
 
|2477
 
|
 
|200
 
|12,3
 
|
 
|-
 
|Lead
 
|0,130
 
|200
 
|327
 
|25
 
|4,21x10<sup>-7</sup>
 
|1750
 
|24,70
 
|35,3
 
|29,3
 
| -3,5
 
|-
 
|Cadmium
 
|0,230
 
|
 
|321
 
|54
 
|14,8
 
|767
 
|0,88
 
|96,8
 
|41,0
 
| -4,0
 
|-
 
|Chromium
 
|0,450
 
|
 
|1857
 
|314
 
|990
 
|2672
 
|5,86
 
|93,7
 
|6,2
 
|
 
|-
 
|Iron
 
|0,444
 
|500
 
|1537
 
|268
 
|7,05
 
|2750
 
|80,2
 
|12,2
 
| -3,0
 
|
 
|-
 
|Gallium
 
|0,370
 
|
 
|29,8
 
|80,4
 
|9,6x10<sup>-36</sup>
 
|2204
 
|3,90
 
|40,6
 
|18,0
 
| +3,0
 
|-
 
|Gold
 
|0,128
 
|100
 
|1064
 
|63
 
|2,4x10<sup>-3</sup>
 
|3080
 
|1,55
 
|317
 
|14,3
 
| -5,1
 
|-
 
|Indium
 
|0,233
 
|
 
|157
 
|28,5
 
|1,5x10<sup>-17</sup>
 
|2072
 
|1,97
 
|81,6
 
|
 
| -2,5
 
|-
 
|Iridium
 
|0,130
 
|
 
|2410
 
|144
 
|1,5
 
|4130
 
|3,31
 
|147
 
|6,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Cobalt
 
|0,420
 
|
 
|1495
 
|260
 
|175
 
|2927
 
|6,66
 
|100
 
|13,8
 
|
 
|-
 
|Carbon (Graphite)
 
|0,720
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|3825 sublimiert
 
|119 - 165
 
|155
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Copper
 
|0,385
 
|190
 
|1084
 
|205
 
|5,2x10<sup>-2</sup>
 
|2567
 
|4,77
 
|401
 
|16,5
 
| -4,2
 
|-
 
|Magnesium
 
|1,020
 
|
 
|650
 
|373
 
|361
 
|1107
 
|5,44
 
|156
 
|26,0
 
| -4,1
 
|-
 
|Manganese
 
|0,480
 
|
 
|1244
 
|264
 
|121
 
|1962
 
|4,10
 
|7,8
 
|23,0
 
| -1,7
 
|-
 
|Molybdenum
 
|0,250
 
|900
 
|2623
 
|292
 
|3,6
 
|4639
 
|5,61
 
|138
 
|5,2
 
|
 
|-
 
|Nickel
 
|0,440
 
|520
 
|1453
 
|301
 
|237
 
|2913
 
|6,45
 
|90,7
 
|13,0
 
| -2,5
 
|-
 
|Niobium
 
|0,272
 
|
 
|2477
 
|289
 
|7,9x10<sup>-2</sup>
 
|4744
 
|7,79
 
|53,7
 
|7,3
 
|
 
|-
 
|Osmium
 
|0,130
 
|
 
|3045
 
|141
 
|2,52
 
|5012
 
|3,81
 
|87,6
 
|6,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Palladium
 
|0,244
 
|
 
|1554
 
|143
 
|1,33
 
|2970
 
|3,48
 
|71,8
 
|11,1
 
| -5,5
 
|-
 
|Platinum
 
|0,130
 
|540
 
|1772
 
|113
 
|3,2x10<sup>-2</sup>
 
|3827
 
|2,62
 
|71,6
 
|9,0
 
| -6,0
 
|-
 
|Mercury
 
|0,140
 
|
 
| -38,9
 
|11,7
 
|3,1x10<sup>-4</sup>
 
|357
 
|0,29
 
|8,34
 
|60,8
 
| -3,7
 
|-
 
|Rhenium
 
|0,137
 
|
 
|3186
 
|178
 
|3,24
 
|5596
 
|3,42
 
|72
 
|6,7
 
|
 
|-
 
|Rhodium
 
|0,242
 
|
 
|1966
 
|211
 
|6,36x10<sup>-1</sup>
 
|3695
 
|5,19
 
|150
 
|8,5
 
| -10,8
 
|-
 
|Ruthenium
 
|0,238
 
|
 
|2310
 
|252
 
|1,4
 
|4150
 
|6,62
 
|117
 
|9,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Silver
 
|0,232
 
|180
 
|961,9
 
|105
 
|3,4x10<sup>-1</sup>
 
|2212
 
|2,39
 
|429
 
|19,5
 
| -3,8
 
|-
 
|Tantalum
 
|0,140
 
|850
 
|3017
 
|157
 
|7,86x10<sup>-1</sup>
 
|5448
 
|4,32
 
|57,5
 
|6,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Titanium
 
|0,520
 
|
 
|1668
 
|403
 
|4,9x10<sup>-1</sup>
 
|2830
 
|8,80
 
|21,9
 
|10,8
 
|
 
|-
 
|Vanadium
 
|0,490
 
|
 
|1902
 
|330
 
|3,06
 
|3287
 
|10,3
 
|30,7
 
|8,3
 
|
 
|-
 
|Bismuth
 
|0,122
 
|
 
|271
 
|54
 
|6,5x10<sup>-4</sup>
 
|1564
 
|1,43
 
|7,87
 
|14,0
 
| -0,33
 
|-
 
|Tungsten
 
|0,138
 
|1000
 
|3422
 
|193
 
|4,27
 
|5555
 
|3,98
 
|174
 
|4,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Zinc
 
|0,385
 
|170
 
|420
 
|100
 
|3,06
 
|907
 
|1,76
 
|116
 
|36,0
 
| -4,7
 
|-
 
|Tin
 
|0,228
 
|100
 
|222
 
|59
 
|6x10<sup>-21</sup>
 
|2602
 
|1,95
 
|66,6
 
|26,7
 
| -2,8
 
|-
 
|Zirconium
 
|0,281
 
|
 
|1852
 
|224
 
|1,7x10<sup>-3</sup>
 
|4409
 
|4,6
 
|22,7
 
|5,9
 
|
 
|-
 
|}
 
<div id="text-reference5"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div>
 
<div id="text-reference6"><sub>2</sub> between 20°C and 100°C</div>
 
</figtable>
 
<br/>
 
<br/>
 
<figtable id="tab:Elektrische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle">
 
<caption>'''Elektrische Eigenschaften der wichtigsten Metalle'''</caption>
 
  
{| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"
+
'''Tab. Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals'''
|-
 
!Element/Metal
 
!Electrical Resistivity [[#text-reference7|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[Ω*mm<sup>2</sup>/m]
 
!Electrical Conductivity[[#text-reference7|<sup>1</sup>]]<br/>[MS/m]
 
!Temperatur Coeff.<br/>of Electrical<br/>Resistance[[#text-reference8|<sup>2</sup>]]<br/>[10<sup>-3</sup>/K]
 
!Absolute thermal<br/>e.m.f.[[#text-reference9|<sup>3</sup>]]<br/>[µV/K]
 
!Critical<br/>Superconductor<br/>Temperatur<br/>[K]
 
!Softening<br/>Voltage<br/>(measured)<br/>[V]
 
!Melting<br/>Voltage<br/>(measured)<br/>[V]
 
!Melting<br/>Voltage<br/>(calculated)[[#text-reference10|<sup>4</sup>]]<br/>[V]
 
!Minimum Arc<br/>Voltage<br/>[V]
 
!Minimum Arc<br/>Current<br/>[A]
 
|-
 
|Aluminum
 
|2,65
 
|37,7
 
|4,6
 
| -1,6
 
|1,18
 
|0,1
 
|0,3
 
|0,29
 
|11,2
 
|0,4
 
|-
 
|Antimony
 
|38,6
 
|2,6
 
|5,4
 
| +20,6 - +46,8
 
|
 
|0,2
 
|
 
|0,28
 
|10,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Beryllium
 
|4,2
 
|23,8
 
|10,0
 
| -3,3
 
|0,026
 
|
 
|
 
|0,48
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Lead
 
|19,2
 
|5,2
 
|4,2
 
| -1,2
 
|7,196
 
|
 
|0,19
 
|0,17
 
|11,5
 
|0,1
 
|-
 
|Cadmium
 
|7,50
 
|13,30
 
|4,3
 
| -0,1 - +3,6
 
|0,52
 
|0,12
 
|
 
|0,17
 
|12
 
|0,4
 
|-
 
|Chromium
 
|14,95
 
|6,7
 
|3,0
 
| +14,0
 
|3,0
 
|
 
|
 
|0,67
 
|16
 
|0,45
 
|-
 
|Iron
 
|9,72
 
|10,3
 
|6,6
 
| +16,0
 
|
 
|0,19
 
|0,6
 
|0,54
 
|11,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Gallium
 
|43,2
 
|2,3
 
|4,0
 
|
 
|1,08
 
|
 
|
 
|0,04
 
|
 
|0,35
 
|-
 
|Gold
 
|2,35
 
|42,6
 
|4,0
 
| +1,7
 
|
 
|0,08
 
|0,43
 
|0,42
 
|15
 
|
 
|-
 
|Indium
 
|8,37
 
|11,94
 
|4,9
 
|
 
|3,41
 
|
 
|
 
|0,11
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Iridium
 
|5,31
 
|18,83
 
|4,1
 
| +1,5
 
|0,11
 
|
 
|
 
|0,86
 
|11,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|Cobalt
 
|6,24
 
|16,0
 
|6,6
 
| -18,5
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|0,54
 
|
 
|0,01 - 0,02
 
|-
 
|Carbon (Graphite)
 
|30,0
 
|3,33
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|20
 
|0,4
 
|-
 
|Copper
 
|1,67
 
|59,9
 
|4,3
 
| +1,7
 
|
 
|0,12
 
|0,43
 
|0,42
 
|12 - 13
 
|
 
|-
 
|Magnesium
 
|4,42
 
|22,62
 
|4,2
 
| +3,4
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|0,28
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Manganese
 
|185,0
 
|0,54
 
|0,5
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|0,47
 
|
 
|0,75
 
|-
 
|Molybdenum
 
|5,20
 
|19,2
 
|4,7
 
| +5,9
 
|0,92
 
|0,3
 
|0,75
 
|0,91
 
|12
 
|0,4 -0,5
 
|-
 
|Nickel
 
|6,85
 
|14,6
 
|6,8
 
| -18,9
 
|
 
|0,16
 
|0,65
 
|0,54
 
|14
 
|
 
|-
 
|Niobium
 
|13,1
 
|7,6
 
|3,4
 
| -0,5
 
|9,2
 
|
 
|
 
|0,778
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Osmium
 
|8,12
 
|12,31
 
|4,2
 
|
 
|0,66
 
|
 
|
 
|1,04
 
|
 
|0,8 -0,9
 
|-
 
|Palladium
 
|10,82
 
|9,24
 
|3,8
 
| -0,9
 
|3,3
 
|
 
|0,57
 
|0,57
 
|15 - 16
 
|0,8 -1,0
 
|-
 
|Platinum
 
|10,54
 
|9,58
 
|3,9
 
| -4,4
 
|0,0019
 
|0,25
 
|0,71
 
|0,64
 
|17
 
|
 
|-
 
|Mercury
 
|94,9
 
|1,14
 
|1,0
 
| +8,5
 
|4,15
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|0,35
 
|-
 
|Rhenium
 
|19,3
 
|5,2
 
|4,6
 
|
 
|1,7
 
|
 
|
 
|1,09
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Rhodium
 
|4,51
 
|22,2
 
|4,4
 
| +1,7
 
|0,000325
 
|
 
|
 
|0,70
 
|14
 
|
 
|-
 
|Ruthenium
 
|7,62
 
|13,12
 
|4,6
 
| -18,0
 
|0,49
 
|
 
|
 
|0,81
 
|
 
|0,4
 
|-
 
|Silver
 
|1,59
 
|62,9
 
|4,3
 
| +1,4
 
|
 
|0,09
 
|0,37
 
|0,38
 
|12
 
|
 
|-
 
|Tantalum
 
|12,4
 
|8,1
 
|3,5
 
| -2,3
 
|4,47
 
|0,3
 
|
 
|1,03
 
|12
 
|
 
|-
 
|Titanium
 
|43,5
 
|2,3
 
|5,5
 
| +7,3
 
|0,4
 
|
 
|
 
|0,61
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Vanadium
 
|26,0
 
|3,8
 
|3,9
 
| +1,0
 
|5,3
 
|
 
|
 
|0,68
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Bismuth
 
|12,1
 
|8,36
 
|4,5
 
| -53 - -110
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|0,15
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|Tungsten
 
|5,65
 
|17,7
 
|4,8
 
| +0,8
 
|0,0154
 
|1,1
 
|1,16
 
|1,16
 
|
 
|0,8 - 1,2
 
|-
 
|Zinc
 
|5,92
 
|16,9
 
|4,2
 
| +0,4 - +2,3
 
|0,85
 
|0,17
 
|0,2
 
|0,20
 
|15 - 16
 
|0,1
 
|-
 
|Tin
 
|11,0
 
|9,09
 
|4,6
 
| -0,6 - -1,5
 
|3,72
 
|0,13
 
|0,14
 
|0,14
 
|11
 
|
 
|-
 
|Zirconium
 
|43,5
 
|2,3
 
|4,4
 
| +9,5
 
|0,55
 
|
 
|0,67
 
|0,67
 
|12,5
 
|
 
|-
 
|}
 
<div id="text-reference7"><sub>1</sub> at 20°C</div>
 
<div id="text-reference8"><sub>2</sub> near room temperature</div>
 
<div id="text-reference9"><sub>3</sub> near room temperature, however values for metals with non-cubic structure can vary widely</div>
 
<div id="text-reference10"><sub>4</sub> Calculated according to U<sub>Melt</sub> = [4L * (T<sup>2</sup><sub>Melt</sub> - T<sup>2</sup><sub>0</sub>)]<sup>1/2</sup> mit
 
U<sub>Melt</sub>= Melting Voltage, L = Lorenz Constant (2,45x10<sup>-8</sup>[V/K], T<sub>Melt</sub>= Melting Temperature, T<sub>0</sub>= Temperature at a point distant from the constriction spot</div>
 
</figtable>
 
  
 +
'''Tab. Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals'''
  
 +
<div class="multiple-images">
 +
[[File:Mechanical-Properties-of-the-Most-Important-Metals.jpg|left|thumb|Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals]]
 +
[[File:Atomic-Properties-of-the-Most-Important-Metals.jpg|left|thumb|Atomic Properties of the Most Important Metals]]
 +
[[File:Thermal-Properties-of-the-Most-Important-Metals.jpg|left|thumb|Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals]]
 +
[[File:Electrical-Properties-of-the-Most-Important-Metals.jpg|left|thumb|Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals]]
 +
</div>
 +
<div class="clear"></div>
 
===References===
 
===References===
 
   
 
   
Line 1,520: Line 268:
 
Wyckoff, R., W., G.: Crystal Structures. Vol 1,New York, 1963
 
Wyckoff, R., W., G.: Crystal Structures. Vol 1,New York, 1963
  
[[de:Physikalische_Eigenschaften_der_wichtigsten_Metalle]]
+
[[Category:Metal Powders|Category]]
 +
[[Category:Thermal conductivity|Category]]

Revision as of 10:11, 28 April 2014

The following tables list the physical properties of the most technically significant pure metals as well as carbon. The values given may vary considerably depending on the degree of purity and sometimes they are also difficult to determine. In compiling the data from the available literature we selected those that are currently the most probable. Some properties are anisotropic and vary with the crystalline structure of the metal. In those cases, whenever possible, we listed the value applicable to the poly-crystalline stage.

Tab. Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals
Element/Metal Density 1

[g/cm³]

Modulus of

Elasticity 1[GPa]

Shear Modulus

[GPa]

Transvers ContractionCoeffic.
Aluminum 2.70 65 27 0.34
Antimony 6.62 56 20.4 0.28
Beryllium 1.85 298 150 0.12
Lead 11.36 14.5 6 0.44
Cadmium 8.65 57.5 29 0.30
Chromium 7.19 160 0.25
Iron 7.89 208 83 0.28
Gallium 5.91 9.6 0.46
Gold 19.32 79 28 0.42
Indium 7.31 11 0.45
Iridium 22.65 538 214 0.26
Cobalt 8.85 216 0.31
Carbon (Graphite) 2.1-2.3 5
Copper 8.95 115 48 0.34
Magnesium 1.74 46 18 0.28
Manganese 7.43 165 77 0.24
Molybdenum 10.21 347 122 0.30
Nickel 8.90 216 83 0.31
Niobium 8.57 113 39 0.38
Osmium 22.61 570 220 0.25
Palladium 12.02 124 51 0.39
Platinum 21.45 173 67 0.39
Mercury 13.55
Rhenium 21.04 480 215 0.26
Rhodium 12.41 386 153 0.26
Ruthenium 12.45 485 172 0.29
Silver 10.49 82 27 0.37
Tantalum 16.60 188 70 0.35
Titanium 4.51 120 43 0.34
Vanadium 6.10 136 52 0.36
Bismuth 9.80 33 13 0.33
Tungsten 19.32 360 158 0.30
Zinc 7.13 96 36 0.29
Tin 7.30 47 18 0.33
Zirconium 6.49 98 36 0.33
1 at 20°C

Tab. Atomic Properties of the Most Important Metals

Tab. Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals

Tab. Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals

Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals
Atomic Properties of the Most Important Metals
Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals
Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals

References

Metals Handbook, Desk Edition: Chicago, IL, American Society of Metal, 1985

Landolt-Börnstein: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, 1959

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 70th Edition: CRC Press., Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, 1989 - 1990

Fluck, E.; Heumann, K., G.: Periodensystem der Elemente. Weinheim: VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986

Kieffer, R.; Jangg, G.; Ettmayer, P.: Sondermetalle. Springer- Verlag, Wien-New York, 1963

Hering, E.; Schulz, W.: Physik für Ingenieure (Periodensystem der Elemente). Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 1988

Degussa AG (Hrsg.): Edelmetall-Taschenbuch. Hüthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995

Slade, P.; G. (editor): Electrical Contacts Principles and Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel, 1999

Gerritsen, A.; N.: Metallic Conductivity in: Flügge, S.: Handbuch der Physik, Bd. 19, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, 1956

Köster, W.; Franz, H.: Poisson,s Ratio for Metals and Alloys. Metallurg. Reviews 6 (1961)

Nesmeyanow, A., N.: Vapor Pressure of the Chemical Elements: Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York, 1963

Wyckoff, R., W., G.: Crystal Structures. Vol 1,New York, 1963