Difference between revisions of "Physical Properties of the Most Important Metals"

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Revision as of 10:46, 16 December 2022

The following tables list the physical properties of the most technically significant pure metals as well as carbon. The values given may vary considerably, depending on the degree of purity and sometimes they are also difficult to determine. In compiling the data from the available literature, we selected those that are currently the most probable. Some properties are anisotropic and vary with the crystalline structure of the metal. In those cases, we listed the value applicable to the poly-crystalline stage.

Table 1: Mechanical Properties of the Most Important Metals
Element/Metal Density 1

[g/cm³]

Modulus of

Elasticity 1[GPa]

Shear Modulus

[GPa]

Transvers Contraction Coeffic.
Aluminum 2.70 65 27 0.34
Antimony 6.62 56 20.4 0.28
Beryllium 1.85 298 150 0.12
Lead 11.36 14.5 6 0.44
Cadmium 8.65 57.5 29 0.30
Chromium 7.19 160 0.25
Iron 7.89 208 83 0.28
Gallium 5.91 9.6 0.46
Gold 19.32 79 28 0.42
Indium 7.31 11 0.45
Iridium 22.65 538 214 0.26
Cobalt 8.85 216 0.31
Carbon (Graphite) 2.1-2.3 5
Copper 8.95 115 48 0.34
Magnesium 1.74 46 18 0.28
Manganese 7.43 165 77 0.24
Molybdenum 10.21 347 122 0.30
Nickel 8.90 216 83 0.31
Niobium 8.57 113 39 0.38
Osmium 22.61 570 220 0.25
Palladium 12.02 124 51 0.39
Platinum 21.45 173 67 0.39
Mercury 13.55
Rhenium 21.04 480 215 0.26
Rhodium 12.41 386 153 0.26
Ruthenium 12.45 485 172 0.29
Silver 10.49 82 27 0.37
Tantalum 16.60 188 70 0.35
Titanium 4.51 120 43 0.34
Vanadium 6.10 136 52 0.36
Bismuth 9.80 33 13 0.33
Tungsten 19.32 360 158 0.30
Zinc 7.13 96 36 0.29
Tin 7.30 47 18 0.33
Zirconium 6.49 98 36 0.33
1 at 20°C



Table 2: Atomic properties of the most important metals
Element/Metal Chemical
Symbol 		Atomic Number Atomic Weight Crystal Structure 1 Lattic Parameters 1
a or b 2
[1010m] 		Lattic Parameters 1
a or b 2
[10-10m] 		Work Function
[eV] 		Ionization Potential
[eV]
Aluminum Al 13 26,98 foc 4,049 4,08 - 4,3 5,98
Antimony Sb 51 121,75 rhl 4,507 4,1 8,64
Beryllium Be 4 9,01 hcp 2,286 3,584 3,2 - 3,9 9,32
Lead Pb 87 207,19 fcc 4,949 4,0 - 4,1 7,42
Cadmium Cd 48 112,40 hcp 2,979 5,617 3,7 - 4,1 8,99
Chromium Cr 24 52,00 bcc 2,884 4,4 - 4,7 6,76
Iron Fe 26 55,85 bcc 2,866 4,1 - 4,5 7,9
Gallium Ga 31 69,72 ort 4,524 7,661 3,8 - 4,1 6,0
Gold Au 79 196,97 fcc 4,078 4,3 - 5,1 9,22
Indium In 49 114,82 tet 4,594 4,951 4,0 5,79
Iridium Ir 77 192,20 fcc 3,839 4,6 - 5,3 9,1
Cobalt Co 27 58,93 hcp 2,507 4,069 4,4 - 4,6 7,86
Carbon (Graphite) C 6 12,01 hcp-layered lattic3 2,456 6,696 4,8 11,27
Copper Cu 29 63,54 fcc 3,615 4,4 7,72
Magnesium Mg 12 24,31 hcp 3,209 5,210 3,7 7,64
Manganese Mn 25 54,94 complex cubic 8,912 3,8 - 4,1 6,0
Molybdenum Mo 42 95,94 bcc 3,147 4,1 - 4,5 7,18
Nickel Ni 28 58,71 fcc 3,524 5,0 - 5,2 7,63
Niobium Nb 41 92,91 bcc 3,301 4,0 6,77
Osmium Os 76 190,23 hcp 2,734 4,320 4,5 8,7
Palladium Pd 46 106,40 fcc 3,890 4,5 - 5,0 8,34
Platinum Pt 78 195,09 fcc 3,931 4,1 - 5,5 9,0
Mercury Hg 80 200,59 rhl4 3,0614 4,5 10,44
Rhenium Re 75 186,20 hcp 2,760 4,458 4,7 - 5,0 7,8
Rhodium Rh 45 102,91 fcc 3,804 4,6 - 4,9 7,46
Ruthenium Ru 44 101,07 hcp 2,704 4,281 4,5 7,37
Silver Ag 47 107,87 fcc 4,086 4,3 7,57
Tantalum Ta 73 180,95 bcc 3,303 4,0 - 4,2 7,89
Titanium Ti 2 47,90 hcp 2,950 4,683 4,0 - 4,4 6,83
Vanadium V 23 50,94 bcc 3,039 3,8 - 4,2 6,71
Bismuth Bi 83 208,98 rhl 4,746 4,1 - 4,5 8,0
Tungsten W 74 183,85 bcc 3,158 4,3 - 5,0 7,98
Zinc Zn 30 65,37 hcp 2,665 4,947 3,1 - 4,3 9,39
Tin Sn 50 118,69 tet 5,831 3,181 3,6 - 4,1 7,33
Zirconium Zr 40 91,22 hcp 3,231 5,148 3,7 - 4,3 6,92
1 at 20°C
2 for rhombohedral crystals, the rhombohedra angle α is given in angle degrees and minutes; for orthorhombic crystals the parameter β is shown in m x 10-10
3 α-crystal
4 at -50°C

fcc = cubic face cenered // bcc = cubic body centered // hcp = hexagonal dense spherical ort = orthorhombic // tet = tetragonal // rhl = rhombohedral


Atomic Properties of the Most Important Metals
Thermal Properties of the Most Important Metals
Electrical Properties of the Most Important Metals

References

Metals Handbook, Desk Edition: Chicago, IL, American Society of Metal, 1985

Landolt-Börnstein: Zahlenwerte und Funktionen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, 1959

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 70th Edition: CRC Press., Inc. Boca Raton, Florida, 1989 - 1990

Fluck, E.; Heumann, K., G.: Periodensystem der Elemente. Weinheim: VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986

Kieffer, R.; Jangg, G.; Ettmayer, P.: Sondermetalle. Springer- Verlag, Wien-New York, 1963

Hering, E.; Schulz, W.: Physik für Ingenieure (Periodensystem der Elemente). Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 1988

Degussa AG (Hrsg.): Edelmetall-Taschenbuch. Hüthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1995

Slade, P.; G. (editor): Electrical Contacts Principles and Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel, 1999

Gerritsen, A.; N.: Metallic Conductivity in: Flügge, S.: Handbuch der Physik, Bd. 19, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, 1956

Köster, W.; Franz, H.: Poisson,s Ratio for Metals and Alloys. Metallurg. Reviews 6 (1961)

Nesmeyanow, A., N.: Vapor Pressure of the Chemical Elements: Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York, 1963

Wyckoff, R., W., G.: Crystal Structures. Vol 1,New York, 1963

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