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Werkstoffe aus Platin-Metallen

1,594 bytes removed, 14:17, 19 December 2022
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teuren Gold. Zwischenzeitlich hatte der Palladiumpreis ein Niveau erreicht, das
über dem des Goldes lag, so dass der Einsatz von Pd für Kontaktzwecke stark
rückläufig war. Heute (2011Dez. 2021) liegt der Palladiumpreis bei ca. 50% des Goldpreises2600 Euro/oz.
Die Legierungen des Pt mit Ru, Ir, Ni und W wurden vor allem in elektromechanischen
Bauelementen der Fernmeldetechnik und in hochwertigen Zündunterbrechern
verbreitet eingesetzt (<xr id="tab:Physical Properties of platinum metalsPhysikalische Eigenschaften von Platin-Metallen und deren Legierungen"/><!--(Tab. 2.7)-->).
<figtable id="tab:Physical Properties of platinum metalsPhysikalische Eigenschaften von Platin-Metallen und deren Legierungen">[[File<caption>'''<!--Table 2.7:Physical Properties of platinum metals.jpg|right|thumb|-->Physikalische Eigenschaften von Platin-Metallen und deren Legierungen'''</caption>  {| class="twocolortable" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px"|-!Material!Platin/Palladium<br/>Content<br/>[gew.%]!Dichte<br/>[g/cm<sup>3</sup>]!Schmelzpunkt oder<br/>Schmelzbereich<br/>[°C]!Elekrische<br/>Widerstandskraft<br/>[µΩ*cm]!Elektrische<br/>Leitfähigkeit<br/>[MS/m]!Thermische<br/>Leitfähigkeit<br/>[W/m*K]!Temperaturkoeffizient des<br/>elektrischen Widerstands<br/>[10<sup>3</sup>/K]!Elastizitätsmodul<br/>[Gpa]|-|Pt (99,95)| >99,95|21,5|1772|10,6|9,5|72|3,9|173|-|PtIr5|95|21,5|1774 - 1776|22,2|4,5|42||190|-|PtIr10|90|21,6|1780 - 1785|17,9|5,6|29|2,0|220|-|PtRu10|90|20,6|ca. 1800|33,3|3,0||0,83|235|-|PtNi6|92|19,2|1670 - 1710|30|3,3||1,5|180|-|PtW5|95|21,3|1830 - 1860|43,4|2,3||0,7|185|-|Pd (99,95)| >99,95|12,0|1554|10,8|9,3|72|3,8|124|-|PdCu15|85|11,3|1370 - 1400|38,5|2,6|17|0,49|175|-|PdCu40|60|10,5|1200 - 1230|33,3|3,0|38|0,28|175|-|PdNi5|95|11,8|1455 - 1485|16,9|5,9||2,47|175|-|}
</figtable>
 
Heute werden diese Werkstoffe aus
<tr><th><p class="s11">Werkstoff</p></th><th><p class="s12">Anwendungsbeispiele</p></th><th><p class="s12">Lieferformen</p></th></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Pt (99,95)</p></td><td><p class="s12">Relais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Kontaktniete, geschweißte Kontaktteile</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">PtIr5</p><p class="s11">PtIr10</p><p class="s11">PtRu10</p><p class="s11">PtNi8</p><p class="s11">PtW5</p></td><td><p class="s12">Relais, Gleitkontaktsysteme,</p><p class="s12">Zündunterbrecher für Kfz</p></td><td><p class="s12">'''Kontakthalbzeuge:'''</p><p class="s12">Drähte, rollennahtgeschweißte Profile</p><p class="s12">'''Kontaktteile:'''</p><p class="s12">Plättchen, Drahtformteile, massive Kontaktniete, Bimetallniete, geschweißte Kontaktteile</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Pd (99,95)</p><p class="s11">PdNi5</p></td><td><p class="s12">Relais</p></td><td><p class="s12">Miniprofile, Kontaktniete, geschweißte Kontaktteile</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">PdCu15</p><p class="s11">PdCu40</p></td><td><p class="s12">Blinkrelais für Kfz</p></td><td><p class="s12">Miniprofile, Bimetallniete</p></td></tr><tr><td><p class="s11">Pd35AuAgPt</p><p class="s11">Pd44Ag38Cu15</p><p class="s11">PtAuZn</p><p class="s11">Pd40Co40W20</p></td><td><p class="s12">Potentiometer, Schleifringübertrager,</p><p class="s12">DC-Kleinstmotoren</p></td><td><p class="s12">Drahtformteile, geschweißte Drahtabschnitte, Vieldrahtschleifer</p></td></tr></table>
</figtable>
 
 
<xr id="fig:Influence_of_1-20_atom%_of_different_additive_metals_on_the_electrical_resistivit_ p_of_platinum_(Degussa)"/>Influence of 1-20 atom% of different additive metals on the electrical resistivity p of platinum (Degussa)
 
<xr id="fig:Influence_of_1-20_atom%_of_different_additive_metals_on_the_electrical_resistivit_ p_of_platinum"/>
Influence of 1-22 atom% of different additive metals on the electrical resistivity p of palladium
 
<xr id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-iridium"/>Fig. 2.27: Phase diagram of platinum-iridium
 
<xr id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-nickel"/>
Fig. 2.28: Phase diagram of platinum-nickel
 
<xr id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-tungsten"/>
Fig. 2.29: Phase diagram of platinum-tungsten
 
<xr id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-copper"/>
Fig. 2.30: Phase diagram of palladium-copper
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_Pt_by_cold_working"/>
Fig. 2.31: Strain hardening of Pt by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Softening_of_Pt_after_annealing_for_0.5_hrs_after_80%_cold_working"/>
Fig. 2.32: Softening of Pt after annealing for 0.5 hrs after 80% cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PtIr5_by_cold_working"/>
Fig. 2.33: Strain hardening of PtIr5 by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Softening_of_PtIr5_after_annealing_for_1_hr_after_different degrees_of_cold_working"/>
Fig. 2.34: Softening of PtIr5 after annealing for 1 hr after different degrees of cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PtNi8_by_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.35: Strain hardening of PtNi8 by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Softening_of_PtNi8_after_annealing_for_1_hr_after_80%_cold_working"/>
Fig. 2.36: Softening of PtNi8 after annealing for 1 hr after 80% cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PtW5_by_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.37: Strain hardening of PtW5 by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Softening_of_PtW5_after_annealing_for_1_hr_after_80%_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.38: Softening of PtW5 after annealing for 1hr after 80% cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_Pd_99.99_by_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.39: Strain hardening of Pd 99.99 by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PdCu15_by_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.40: Strain hardening of PdCu15 by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Softening_of_PdCu15_after_annealing_for_0.5_hrs"/>Fig. 2.41: Softening of PdCu15 after annealing for 0.5 hrs
 
<xr id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PdCu40_by_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.42: Strain hardening of PdCu40 by cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Softening_of_PdCu40_after_annealing_for_0.5_hrs_after_80%_cold_working"/>Fig. 2.43: Softening of PdCu40 after annealing for 0.5 hrs after 80% cold working
 
<xr id="fig:Electrical_resistivity_p_of_PdCu_alloys"/>Fig. 2.44: Electrical resistivity p of PdCu alloys with and without an annealing step for forming an ordered phase
 
<figure id="fig:Influence_of_1-20_atom%_of_different_additive_metals_on_the_electrical_resistivit_ p_of_platinum_(Degussa)">
[[File:Influence of platinum degussa.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Influence of Einfluss von 1- 20 atomAtom-% of different additive metals on the electrical resistivity verschiedener Zusatzmetalle auf den spez. elektrischen Widerstand p of platinum von Platin (Degussa)</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Influence_of_1-20_atom%_of_different_additive_metals_on_the_electrical_resistivit_ p_of_platinum">
[[File:Influence of palladium.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Influence of Einfluss von 1-22 atomAtom-% of different additive metals on the electrical resistivity verschiedener Zusatzmetalle auf den spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand p of palladiumvon Palladium (Degussa)</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-iridium">
[[File:Phase diagram of platinum iridium.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.27:Phase diagram of platinumZustandsdiagramm von Platin-iridiumIridium</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-nickel">
[[File:Phase diagram of platinum nickel.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.28:Phase diagram of platinumZustandsdiagramm von Platin-nickelNickel</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-tungsten">
[[File:Phase diagram of palladium copper.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.29:Phase diagram of platinumZustandsdiagramm von Platin-tungstenWolfram</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Phase_diagram_of_platinum-copper">
[[File:Phase diagram of palladium copper2.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.30: Phase diagram of palladiumZustandsdiagramm von Palladium-copperKupfer</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_Pt_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of Pt by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.31: Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von Pt by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening_of_Pt_after_annealing_for_0.5_hrs_after_80%_cold_working">
[[File:Softening of Pt after annealing.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.32: Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von Pt after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs after ,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PtIr5_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of PtIr5 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.33: Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von PtIr5 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening_of_PtIr5_after_annealing_for_1_hr_after_different degrees_of_cold_working">
[[File:Softening of PtIr5 after annealing.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.34: Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von PtIr5 after annealing for 1 hr after different degrees of cold workingnach 1h Glühdauer mit unterschiedlicher Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PtNi8_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of PtNi8 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.35: Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von PtNi8 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening_of_PtNi8_after_annealing_for_1_hr_after_80%_cold_working">
[[File:Softening of PtNi8 after annealing.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.36: Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von PtNi8 after annealing for 1 hr after nach 1h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PtW5_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of PtW5 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.37: Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von PtW5 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening_of_PtW5_after_annealing_for_1_hr_after_80%_cold_working">
[[File:Softening of PtW5 after annealing.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.38: Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von PtW5 after annealing for 1 hr after nach 1h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_Pd_99.99_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of Pd-99 99by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.39: Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von Pd 99.,99 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PdCu15_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of PdCu15 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Fig. 2.40: Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von PdCu15 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening_of_PdCu15_after_annealing_for_0.5_hrs">
[[File:Softening of PdCu15 after annealing.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von PdCu15 after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80%</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Strain_hardening_of_PdCu40_by_cold_working">
[[File:Strain hardening of PdCu40 by cold working.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Strain hardening of Verfestigungsverhalten von PdCu40 by cold workingdurch Kaltumformung</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Softening_of_PdCu40_after_annealing_for_0.5_hrs_after_80%_cold_working">
[[File:Softening of PdCu40 after annealing.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Softening of Erweichungsverhalten von PdCu40 after annealing for nach 0.5 hrs after ,5h Glühdauer und einer Kaltumformung von 80% cold working</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:Electrical_resistivity_p_of_PdCu_alloys">
[[File:Electrical resistivity p of PdCu alloys.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Electrical resistivity Spez. elektrischer Widerstand p of von PdCu alloys with and without an annealing step for forming an ordered phase-Legierungen ohne und mit einer Glühbehandlung zur Ausbildung einer geordneten Phase</caption>]]
</figure>
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