<div class==Menu==#[[#etec"|Energy technics]] accordion">#*[[#w-str|Wechselstrom]]<ol>#*[[#gleich-strom|Gleichstrom]]<li>#[[#itec| Infomation technics]]#*[[#gav|galvanische Schichten]]technology#*[[#pdv|PDV]]</li>

<div class="accordion-header"><span class=Tab=="dotted">[[#|Galvanic deposition]]</span></div><div>For electroplating of metals, especially precious metals, water based solutions (electrolytes) are used which contain the metals to be deposited as ions (i.e. dissolved metal salts). An electric field between the anode and the work pieces as the cathode forces the positively charged metal ions to move to the cathode where they give up their charge and deposit themselves as metal on the surface of the work piece. Depending on the application, for electric and electronic or decorative end use, different electrolytic bath solutions (electrolytes) are used. The electroplating equipment used for precious metal plating and its complexity varies widely depending on the process technologies employed. Electroplating processes are encompassing besides the pure metal deposition also preparative and post treatments of the goods to be coated. An important parameter for creating strongly adhering deposits is the surface of the goods to be metallic clean without oily or oxide film residues. This is achieved through various pre-treatment processes specifically developed for the types of material and surface conditions of the goods to be plated. In the following segments electrolytes – both precious and non-precious – as well as the most widely used electroplating processes are described.{[[Electroplating_(or_Galvanic_Deposition)| more]] </div> <div class="dummyaccordion-header" style><span class="widthdotted">[[#|PVD]]</span></div><div>The term PVD (physical vapor deposition) defines processes of metal, metal alloys, and chemical compounds deposition in a vacuum by adding thermal and kinetic energy through particle bombardment. The main processes are the following four coating variations:100%* Vapor deposition* Sputtering (Cathode atomization)* Arc vaporizing* Ion implantationIn all four processes the coating material is transported in its atomic form to the substrate and deposited on it as a thin layer (a few nm to approx. 10 μm) [[Surface_Coating_Technologies#7.2_Coatings_from_the_Gaseous_Phase_.28Vacuum_Deposition.29|more]]</div>  <li> Power technology (typically &gt; border: 1px solid black12V &gt; border500mA)</li><br /> <div class="accordion-collapse: collapseheader"><span class="dotted">[[#|Single-phase alternating current]]</span></div><div>{|class="pathtable"!&nbsp;! colspan="65" |SchalströmeSwitching current in A

|class=" first " |ApplikationenApplications

|class="other"| Schalter für HausgeräteAppliance switches| colspan="65" |<div class="formel level1"><span class="text-formel level1" >[[#Silver Based Materials|Ag]], [[#|AgCu]]<br /> [[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|AgNiO]]AgNi0, [[#|15]]</span></div><div class="formel level2"><span class="text-formel level2">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|Ag/Ni]]</span></div><div class="formel level3"><span class="text-formel level3">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Metal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂]]<br />[[#|Ag/ZnO]]</span></div>

|class="other"| |Lichtschalter Light switches <br />HauptschalterMain switches| colspan="65" |<span div class="formel level1" style="width: 24%;" ><span class="text-formel">[[#Silver Based Materials|Ag]], [[#|AgCu]]<br /> [[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|AgNiO]]AgNi0, [[#|15]]</span><span /div><div class="formel level2" style="width: 20%;"><span class="text-formel">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Metal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂]]<br />[[#|Ag/ZnO]]</span></div>

|class="other"|NetzrealaisPower relays| colspan="65" |<span div class="formel level1"style="width: 18%; "><span class="text-formel">[[#Silver Based Materials|Ag]], [[#|AgCu]]<br />[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|AgNiO]]AgNi0, [[#|15]]</span></div><div class="formel level2"><span class="text-formel level2">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|Ag/Ni]]</span></div><div class="formel level3"><span class="text-formel level3">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Metal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂]]<br />[[#|Ag/ZnO]]</span></div>

|class="other"|LeitungsschutzschalterCircuit breakers(Hausinstallationdomestic MCCBs)| colspan="65" |<span div class="formel level1" style="width: 24%;"><span class="text-formel">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Metal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂]][[#|<br />Ag/ZnO]][[#|AgAgZnO/CdO]]</span></div><div class="formel level2"><span class="text-formel level2">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|AgNi]]</span></div><div class="formel level3" style="width: 24%;"><span class="text-formel level3">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver.E2.80.93Graphite_.28GRAPHOR.29-Materials|Ag/C&]]</span><span class="text-formel">[[Silver_Based_Materials#8596;Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|Ag/Ni]]</span></div>

|class="other"|Trenn-Disconnect, Last- und Motorschalter power and motor switches (Schutzcontrol relays and contactors)| colspan="65" |<span div class="formel level1" style="width: 24%;" ><span class="text-formel">[[#Silver Based Materials|Ag]], [[#|AgCu]], <br />[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|AgNiO]]AgNi0, [[#|15]]</span></div><div class="formel level2"><span class="text-formel level2">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|Ag/Ni]]</span></div><div class="formel level3" style="width: 22%;"><span class="text-formel level3">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Metal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂]][[#|<br />Ag/ZnO]][[#|AgAgZnO/CdO]]</span></div>

|class="other"Lleistungsschalter | Heavy-duty switchgear (Industrieindustrial)| colspan="6" |<span div class="formel level1" style="width: 2422%;" ><span class="text-formel" >[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Metal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂<br />Ag/ZnO]]</span></div><div class="formel level2" style="width: 30%;"><span class="text-formel">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver.E2.80.93Graphite_.28GRAPHOR.29-Materials|Ag/ZnOC]]</span><span class="text-formel level2">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|AgNi0,15|Ag/C&#8596;Ag/Ni]]</span></div><div class="formel level3" style="width: 47%; border-right: none;"><span class="text-formel level3">[[#Tungsten_and_Molybdenum_Based_Materials|Ag/W]] [[#|, Ag/WC/C]][[#|<br />Ag/WcWC]]</span></div>

|class="other"|Automotive(pPDS-beta)relays and switches | colspan="65" |<span div class="formel level1" ><span class="text-formel">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|Ag]], [[#|AgNiO]]AgNi0, [[#|15]] [[#|PdCu]],</span></div><div class="formel level2"><span class="text-formel level2">[[Silver_Based_Materials#Silver-Nickel_.28SINIDUR.29_Materials|Ag/Ni]]</span></div><div class="formel level3"><span class="text-formel level3">[[Silver_Based_Materials#SilverMetal_Oxide_Materials_Ag.2FCdO.2C_Ag.2FSnO2.2C_Ag.2FZnO|Ag/SnO₂]]</span></div>

|}</div> </ol></div>