===<!--6.4.4 -->Switching Contacts===<ul>'''Effects during switching operations'''

Fig. 6.7 Contact opening with arc formation (schematic)[[File:Contact opening with arc formation schematic.jpg|right|thumb|Contact opening with arc formation (schematic)]]*'''Influence of out-gasing from plastics'''Fig. 6.9:Histogram of the contactresistance R of an electroplated Kpalladium layer (3 μm) with andwithout hard gold flash plating(0.2 μm) after exposure withdifferent plastic materials

Fig. 6.10<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Histogram_of_the_contact_resistance_Rk">[[File: Contact Histogram of the contact resistance with exposure to out-gasing from plastics as a function Rk.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Histogram of numbers the contact resistance R_K ofoperations at 6 V ,100 mA: 1 Silicon containing plastic; an electroplated palladium layer (3 μm) with and without hard gold flash plating (0.2 Plastics μm) after exposure with strongly out-gasing DCdifferent plastic materials</caption>]]components; 3 Plastics with minimal out-gasing components</figure>

*'''Influence <figure id="fig:Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics">[[File:Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Contact resistance with exposure to out-gasing from plastics as a function of corrosive gases on the contact resistance'''numbers of operations at 6 V_DC,100 mA: 1 Silicon containing plastic; 2 Plastics with strongly out-gasing components; 3 Plastics with minimal out-gasing components</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div>

Fig. 6.8: Influences '''Influence of corrosive gases on the contact areas in relaysresistance'''

*'''Contact Phenomena under <div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the influence contact resistance for solid contact rivets">[[File:Distribution of arcing Matertia'''*'''Material transfer'''Figcumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets. 6.12jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets after 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H₂S, SO₂ and NO₂ at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: Material transfer under ≤ 40 mV_{DC load a) Cathode},10 mA; b) Anode.Probingcontact: Gold rivet</caption>]]</figure><figure id="fig:Influences on contact areas in relays">6 Material[[File: AgNi0Influences on contact areas in relays.15; Switching parameters: 12VDC, 3 A, 2x10 operationsjpg|right|thumb|<caption>Influences on contact areas in relays</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div>

Fig. 6.13 Arc erosion '''Contact Phenomena under the influence of a Ag/SnOarcing Matertia'''<subul>2</sub> contact pair after extreme arcing conditionsa) Overall view; b) Partial detail view'''Material transfer'''

*<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Material transfer under DC load">[[File:Material transfer under DC load.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode. <br /> Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12V_DC, 3 A, 2x10⁶ perations</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div> '''Arc erosion''' <div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions">[[File:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO₂ contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div> '''Contact welding'''Fig<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Micro structure of a welded contact pair after extremely high current load">[[File:Micro structure of a welded contact pair after extremely high current load. 6.14: jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Micro structure of a welded contact pair (Ag/SnO₂ 88/12 - Ag/CdO88/12) after extremely high current load. a) Ag/SnO₂ 88/12; b) Ag/CdO88/12</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div></ul></ul>