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Switching Contacts

2,325 bytes added, 14:41, 17 September 2014
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===<!--6.4.4 -->Switching Contacts===<ul><li>'''Effects during switching operations'''</li>
*'''Effects during switching operations''' <xr id="fig:fig6.7Contact_opening_with_arc_formation_schematic"/> <!--Fig. 6.7: --> Contact opening with arc formation schematic
<div class="multiple-images">
<figure id="fig:fig6.7Contact_opening_with_arc_formation_schematic">
[[File:Contact opening with arc formation schematic.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Contact opening with arc formation (schematic)</caption>]]
</figure>
<div class="clear"></div>
*<li>'''Influence of out-gasing from plastics'''</li>
<xr id="fig:fig6.9Histogram_of_the_contact_resistance_Rk"/> <!--Fig. 6.9: --> Histogram of the contact resistance Rk of an electroplated palladium layer (3 μm) with and without hard gold flash plating (0.2 μm) after exposure with different plastic materials
<xr id="fig:fig6.10Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics"/> <!--Fig. 6.10: --> Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics as a function of numbers of operations at 6 V<sub>DC</sub>,100 mA: 1 Silicon containing plastic; 2 Plastics with strongly out-gasing components; 3 Plastics with minimal out-gasing components
<div class="multiple-images">
<figure id="fig:fig6.9Histogram_of_the_contact_resistance_Rk">[[File:Histogram of the contact resistance Rk.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Histogram of the contact resistance R<sub>K< /sub> of an electroplated palladium layer (3 μm) with and without hard gold flash plating (0.2 μm) after exposure with different plastic materials</caption>]]
</figure>
<figure id="fig:fig6.10Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics">
[[File:Contact resistance with exposure to out gasing from plastics.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Contact resistance with exposure to out-gasing from plastics as a function of numbers of operations at 6 V<sub>DC</sub>,100 mA: 1 Silicon containing plastic; 2 Plastics with strongly out-gasing components; 3 Plastics with minimal out-gasing components</caption>]]
</figure>
*<li>'''Influence of corrosive gases on the contact resistance'''</li>
<xr id="fig:fig6.11Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets"/> <!--Fig. 6.11: --> Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivetsafter 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: ≤ 40 mV<sub>DC</sub>,10 mA; Probingcontact: Gold rivet
<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:fig6.11Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets">
[[File:Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Distribution of cumulative frequency H of the contact resistance for solid contact rivets after 10 days exposure in a three-component test environment with 400 ppb each of H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> at 25°C, 75% RH; Contact force 10cN; Measuring parameters: ≤ 40 mV<sub>DC</sub>,10 mA; Probing
contact: Gold rivet</caption>]]
Fig. 6[[File:Influences on contact areas in relays.8: jpg|right|thumb|Influences on contact areas in relays]]
<li>'''Contact Phenomena under the influence of arcing Matertia'''</li>
<ul>
<li>'''Material transfer'''</li>
*'''Contact Phenomena under the influence of arcing Matertia'''*'''<xr id="fig:Material transfer'''under DC load"/><!--Fig. 6.12: --> Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode.6 <br /> Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12VDC12V<sub>DC</sub>, 3 A, 2x10 <sup>6</sup> operations
*'''Arc erosion'''<div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Material transfer under DC load">[[File:Material transfer under DC load.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Material transfer under DC load a) Cathode; b) Anode. <br /> Material: AgNi0.15; Switching parameters: 12V<sub>DC</sub>, 3 A, 2x10<sup>6</sup> perations</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div>
Fig. 6.13 <li>'''Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO<sub>2'''</subli> contact pair after extreme arcing conditionsa) Overall view; b) Partial detail view
*<xr id="fig:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions"/><!--Fig. 6.13:--> Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view <div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions">[[File:Arc erosion of a AgSnO2 contact pair after extreme arcing conditions.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Arc erosion of a Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> contact pair after extreme arcing conditions a) Overall view; b) Partial detail view</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div> <li>'''Contact welding'''</li> <xr id="fig:Micro structure of a welded contact pair after extremely high current load"/><!--Fig. 6.14: --> Micro structure of a welded contact pair (Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> 88/12 - Ag/CdO88/12) after extremely high current load. a) Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub>88/12; b) Ag/CdO88/12 <div class="multiple-images"><figure id="fig:Micro structure of a welded contact pair after extremely high current load">[[File:Micro structure of a welded contact pair after extremely high current load.jpg|left|thumb|<caption>Micro structure of a welded contact pair (Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub>88/12 - Ag/CdO88/12) after extremely high current load. a) Ag/SnO<sub>2</sub> 88/12; b) Ag/CdO88/12</caption>]]</figure></div><div class="clear"></div></ul></ul>
==References==
[[Application Tables and Guideline Data for Use of Electrical Contact Design#References|References]]
 
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